Search results for "SECTOR"
showing 10 items of 1051 documents
Dynamic Analysis of sectorial Specialization and Agglomeration Economies in the Sicilian Local Labour Systems
2008
This paper examines the spatial dependence among productive specialization, variety of the economic environment and knowledge spillovers. With the aim of identifying localization benefits in a particular area, some aspects of business settling are compared with trends in the development of economic activities and, particularly, with agglomeration process of the firms. On the basis of the model proposed by Ellison and Glaeser (1997) it is possible identifying an “agglomerate space” that is to say a “continuous set of territorial areas specialized in a specific sector one of which, at least, proves to be provided with a level of specialization noticeably exceeding the expected value under the…
Wage Structure and Labor Mobility in Norway 1980-1997
2007
To what extent do different firms follow different wage policies? How do such policies affect worker mobility between firms, and what are the effects of different wage bargaining regimes? The empirical branch of personnel economics has long been hampered by a lack of representative data sets. Norway is one of a handful of countries that has produced rich linked employer-employee data suitable for such analysis. This paper has three parts. First, we describe the wage setting and employment protection institutions in Norway. Next, we describe the Norwegian data sets. Finally, we document a large number of stylized facts regarding wage structure and labor mobility within and between Norwegian …
What Explains Prevalence of Informal Employment in European Countries: The Role of Labor Institutions, Governance, Immigrants, and Growth
2011
This paper looks into institutional and other macro determinants of prevalence of informal dependent employment, as well as informal self-employment, in European countries, using European Social Survey data on work without legal contract in on 30 countries, covering years 2004-2009. Consistently with theoretical predictions, quality of business environment has a significant negative impact on prevalence of both types of informal employment. The share of non-contracted employees is negatively affected by perceived quality of public services and positively related to economic growth. Informal self-employment is positively related to growth in Europe at large, as well as in Eastern and Souther…
Poverty, taxation and governance
2006
In a simple model based on political support approach, we show that poor and less egalitarian societies may impose a lower tax rate contrary to the prediction of the median voter approach. This is consistent with the available empirical findings. In the framework developed in this paper, the government can strategically design a weak governance system to promote informal activities for the poor. This constitutes an alternative redistributive strategy other than the standard tax-transfer policy. The government chooses the tax rate and the degree of governance simultaneously to maximize the average income of the poor in the informal sector of the economy, i.e. those who constitute the majorit…
The public–private sector wage gap in Latvia
2018
This study investigates the public-private sector wage gap in Latvia using microdata from the labour force survey. The severity of public sector wage cuts employed as a response to the economic crisis and subsequent recovery provides a test bed to analyse whether and how the public-private sector wage gap has adjusted after consolidation-driven wage cuts. Findings reveal that the observed wage gap is slightly in favour of the public sector; however, once differences in individual characteristics and selection effects are considered, results point to a private sector wage premium. Findings also suggest that the private sector wage premium has increased since the pre-crisis period. A signific…
Public Employees as Politicians: Evidence from Close Elections
2017
We analyze the effect of municipal employees’ political representation in municipal councils on local public spending. We use within-party, as-good-as-random variation in close elections in the Finnish open-list proportional election system to quantify the effect. One more councilor employed by the public sector increases spending by about 1%. The effect comes largely through the largest party and is specific to the employment sector of the municipal employee. The results are consistent with public employees having an information advantage over other politicians, and thus, being able to influence policy.
The Intensification of Work
2018
Work intensity has become an increasingly vital concept in understanding current changes in the employment sector, and why these changes have detrimental implications for the well-being of employees and their families. Objective measures, such as allocation or length of work hours, do not necessarily catch the tempo of work during the time spent at work. Nor are the hours an appropriate indicator of the level of mental effort and strain in and even outside of (official) work (hours). This chapter discusses the various change processes in the economy and work life that have led to the intensification of work. The chapter’s aim is also to describe how these change processes pose varying chall…
Towards Climate Neutrality: Economic Impacts, Opportunities and Risks
2023
The monograph has been prepared and published within the framework of the Ministry of Economics research project “Modeling and analysis of the economic impact of climate goals” at the University of Latvia Faculty of Business, Management and Economics Productivity Research Institute “UL think tank LV PEAK”.
Banku darbības attīstības raksturojums Latvijā
2018
Bakalaura darba tēma ir „Banku darbības attīstības raksturojums Latvijā”. Bakalaura darba tēmas aktualitāti pamato tas, ka mūsdienas finanšu tirgū ir lielā nozīme banku sistēmai un tās efektīvai darbībai. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt Latvijas banku sektora darbību un tā attīstības dinamiku, izpētot Latvijas banku sistēmas darbības vēsturi, analizējot banku darbības rezultātus un rādītājus. Papildus uzmanība ir pievērsta pēdējiem notikumiem saistītiem ar „ABLV Bank” pašlikvidācijas Latvijas Banku sektorā. Autores iegūtie rezultāti liecina par to, ka Latvijas banku sektora darbības rezultāti uzlabojas uz stabilizējas pēc pasaules finanšu krīzes, bet ņemot vērā pēdējos notikumus banku sektorā, situ…
The Political Economy of the World Bank. The Early Years
2009
This book covers the early years of the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), commonly known as the World Bank when it first confronted the issue of development as a fundamental part of its mission. The book is mainly concerned with how the Bank interpreted its mission and, more specifically, how its mission was born: what events shaped it, what cultural and ideological background influenced it and what was the historical context in which it arose. So this book is a contribution to the study of the prehistory of development, understood in its social and economic context. In this respect, the study of the early years of the World Bank offers excellent context for obser…