Search results for "SELECTIVITY"
showing 10 items of 1148 documents
Stereoselective drug distribution and anticoagulant potency of the enantiomers of phenprocoumon in rats
1977
Abstract The elimination, distribution and anticoagulant activity of S(—)-, R(+)-, and R,S(±)-phenprocoumon were determined in male Wistar-Lewis rats after intravenous injection of a single dose of 0·6 mg kg−1. From the plasma concentrations which elicited the same anticoagulant effect, S(—)-phenprocoumon was 4 to 5 times more potent than R(+)-phenprocoumon. The potency of the racemate was between those of the enantiomers. The mean biologic half-life of the S(—)-enantiomer was shorter (12·5 h) than that of R(+)-phenprocoumon (17·8 h). No differences were observed in the apparent volume of distribution. However, the mean liver: plasma concentration ratio was higher for the S(—)-(6·9) than fo…
Peer reports of adaptive behavior in twins and singletons: is twinship a risk or an advantage?
2003
We compared twins to their gender-matched singleton classmates in peer-assessed behavioral adjustment. Our samples include 1874 11- to 12-year-old Finnish twins (687 monozygotic, MZ; 610 same-sex dizygotic, SSDZ; 577 opposite-sex dizygotic, OSDZ) and their 23,200 non-twin classmates. Data were collected using a 30-item Multidimensional Peer Nomination Inventory containing three factors and their subscales. We found twin-singleton differences: classmates rated twin girls and boys higher than gender-matched singletons in Adaptive Behaviors (constructive, compliant, and socially active behavior), and those effects were particularly evident among OSDZ twins for assessments of social interaction…
Evening salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase at 14months and neurodevelopment at 4years: Sex differences.
2017
Stress system activity in early life can have long-term effects on neurodevelopment. The main aim of this study was to assess the association of child evening salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase basal levels at 14months of age with longer-term neuropsychological development at 4years in a low-risk population-based birth cohort derived from the INMA (Environment and Childhood) project in Spain. We included 186 parent-children pairs with information on both stress system activity and neurodevelopment. Both stress markers at 14months of age showed an association with neuropsychological development at 4years. Salivary cortisol showed a sex-specific pattern of association. In girls, cortisol lev…
Hearing and Quality of Life Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
2018
Objectives Hearing loss is a common health concern in older people, and the prevalence of hearing loss increases with aging. Poor hearing may cause difficulties in everyday life situations and reduce quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to assess the associations between different domains of QoL (physical, psychological, social, and environmental), perceived hearing difficulties in various everyday situations, and audiometrically measured hearing level among community-dwelling older adults. Method Cross-sectional analysis of 76- to 91-year-old community-dwelling adults. Data on QoL (WHO Quality of Life Assessment short version) and perceived hearing difficulties were gathered vi…
Social withdrawal in children moderates the association between parenting styles and the children's own socioemotional development.
2014
Background: Social withdrawal in early childhood is a risk factor for later socioemotional difficulties. This study examined the joint effects of children’s social withdrawal and mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles on children’s socioemotional development. Based on diatheses-stress, vantage sensitivity, and differential susceptibility models, socially withdrawn children were assumed to be more prone to parental influences than others. Methods: Teachers rated 314 children on prosocial skills, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors at three points in time between grades 1–3. Mothers (n = 279) and fathers (n = 182) filled in questionnaires measuring their affection, and their behavio…
Special Issue on Higher education and its clients : institutional responses to changes in demand and in environment
2002
02048
Entrepreneurial orientation, concern for socioemotional wealth preservation, and family firm performance
2021
Abstract This paper explores whether concern for socioemotional wealth enhances or undermines the positive effect of entrepreneurial orientation on family firm performance. Two analysis techniques were used: second-generation structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). These techniques were applied to data on 106 Spanish family firms. Results of both analyses are similar, lending validity and robustness to the proposed research model. Specifically, the results indicate that 1) entrepreneurial orientation positively influences family firm performance, 2) concern for socioemotional wealth preservation positively influences both entrepreneuria…
Tuning the photocatalytic activity of bismuth wolframate: Towards selective oxidations for the biorefinery driven by solar-light
2017
The sol–gel entrapment of nanostructured Bi2WO6 enhances the activity and the selectivity of the short-gap semiconductor in the sunlight-driven photo-oxidation of trans-ferulic and trans-cinnamic acid dissolved in water with air as the primary oxidant. Valuable products such as vanillin, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid and vanillic acid are obtained. This provides the proof of concept that photocatalysis could be a promising technology in tomorrow's solar biorefineries.
Interfacial Domain Formation Enhances Electrochemical Synthesis.
2019
The electroorganic C,C coupling of phenols to other aryl components is controlled by the fluoroalcohol-alcohol mixture solvents. Classical molecular dynamics and static density functional theory reveal that both kinds of solvents interact with the substrates, influencing the electronic structure of a phenoxyl radical intermediate in a cooperative manner to achieve maximal efficiency and selectivity. Simulations of the electrolyte-electrode interface showed that the substrates adsorb on the diamond surface in such a way that the repulsive fluorous-lipophilic interactions can be minimized and the attractive lipophilic-lipophilic interplay can be maximized, whereas the advantageous hydrogen bo…
Theta-1 zeolite catalyst for increasing the yield of propene when cracking olefins and its potential integration with an olefin metathesis unit
2017
[EN] There is a need for on-purpose propene production technologies beyond energy-intensive steam cracking. Hexene is a compound with limited value that can be found in several streams in the refinery and can readily crack on zeolites at lower temperatures and shorter contact times than those used for cracking alkanes. Cracking over ZSM-5 zeolite yields high selectivity to light olefins. These results are improved by Theta-1 zeolite, which can yield a remarkable propene molar selectivity of 180% (90 wt%) at 90% conversion, close to the maximum thermodynamic yield. Moreover, crystal engineering allowed its TOF to increase by more than 50%. Based on these results we also identified some prosp…