Search results for "SEMAT"

Comparative transcriptomics of albino and warningly‐coloured caterpillars

2021

Abstract Coloration is perhaps one of the most prominent adaptations for survival and reproduction of many taxa. Coloration is of particular importance for aposematic species, which rely on their coloring and patterning acting as a warning signal to deter predators. Most research has focused on the evolution of warning coloration by natural selection. However, little information is available for color mutants of aposematic species, particularly at the genomic level. Here, I compare the transcriptomes of albino mutant caterpillars of the aposematic wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) to those of their full sibs having their distinctive orange‐black warning coloration. The results showed >29…

Essence : Reference Architecture for Software Engineering - Representing Essence in Archimate Notation

2018

Essence is a standard for working with methods in software engineering. As such, it can be seen as the reference architecture for software engineering. The Essence consists of the Kernel, and a notation called the Language. This representation is not widely known and likely hinders the adoption of the Essence. This paper represents the work-in-progress of representing the Essence using ArchiMate, the de facto notation for enterprise architecture. Our purpose is to help organisations to adopt Essence by representing it in the language already understood by different stakeholders. peerReviewed

Lentoasemien vaikutukset aluetalouteen : Granger-kausaalisuus analyysin sovellus

2011

Tässä tutkimuksessa on Granger-kausaalisuus analyysin avulla pyritty selvittämään alu-eellisten lentoasemien aluetalouksille mahdollistavia positiivisia talousvaikutuksia. Len-toasemien taloudellisia vaikutuksia on tutkittu paljon viime vuosikymmeninä. Samaan aikaan alueellisten lentoasemien aluetalouksille aiheuttavan taloudellisen hyödyn tutki-minen on jäänyt selvästi vähemmälle huomiolle. Pienet alueelliset lentoasemat ovat tär-keässä roolissa osana kaupunkien, maakuntien ja valtioiden liikennejärjestelmää. Niiden elinvoimaisuuden ajatellaan usein olevan suuresti riippuvainen alueen talouselämän hy-vinvoinnista. Tutkimuksen empiriaosuudessa on perehdytty suomalaisten alueellisten lentoas…

Tapaustutkimus kolmannen luokan ilmapiiristä sosiaalisen rakenteen, lasten tilitysten ja tutkijan havaintojen pohjalta

2000

Lintulahti

1808

Aposematism in the burying beetle? Dual function of anal fluid in parental care and chemical defence

2017

Burying beetles (Nicrophorus vespilloides) bear distinctive and variable orange-black patterning on their elytra and produce an anal exudate from their abdomen when threatened. During breeding, the anal exudates contribute to the antimicrobial defence of the breeding resource. We investigated whether the anal exudates also provide a responsive chemical defence, which is advertised to potential avian predators by the beetle’s orange and black elytral markings. We found that that the orange-black elytral markings of the burying beetle are highly conspicuous for avian predators against range of backgrounds, by using computer simulations. Using bioassays with wood ants, we also showed that the …

Colour alone matters : no predator generalization among morphs of an aposematic moth

2018

Local warning colour polymorphism, frequently observed in aposematic organisms, is evolutionarily puzzling. This is because variation in aposematic signals is expected to be selected against due to predators' difficulties associating several signals with a given unprofitable prey. One possible explanation for the existence of such variation is predator generalization, which occurs when predators learn to avoid one form and consequently avoid other sufficiently similar forms, relaxing selection for monomorphic signals. We tested this hypothesis by exposing the three different colour morphs of the aposematic wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis, existing in Finland to local wild-caught predato…

The price of safety: food deprivation in early life influences the efficacy of chemical defence in an aposematic moth

2018

Aposematism is the combination of a primary signal with a secondary defence that predators must learn to associate with one another. However, variation in the level of defence, both within and between species, is very common. As secondary defences influence individual fitness, this variation in quality and quantity requires an evolutionary explanation, particularly as it may or may not correlate with variation in primary signals. The costs of defence production are expected to play a considerable role in generating this variation, yet studies of the cost of chemical defence have focused on species that sequester their defences, while studies in species that produce them de novo are scarce. …

An aposematic colour‐polymorphic moth seen through the eyes of conspecifics and predators – Sensitivity and colour discrimination in a tiger moth

2018

Although predation is commonly thought to exert the strongest selective pressure on coloration in aposematic species, sexual selection may also influence coloration. Specifically, polymorphism in aposematic species cannot be explained by natural selection alone. Males of the aposematic wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) are polymorphic for hindwing coloration throughout most of their range. In Scandinavia, they display either white or yellow hindwings. Female hindwing coloration varies continuously from bright orange to red. Redder females and yellow males suffer least from bird predation. White males often have higher mating success than yellow males. Therefore, we ask whether females ca…

Multimodal Aposematic Defenses Through the Predation Sequence

2021

Aposematic organisms warn predators of their unprofitability using a combination of defenses, including visual warning signals, startling sounds, noxious odors, or aversive tastes. Using multiple lines of defense can help prey avoid predators by stimulating multiple senses and/or by acting at different stages of predation. We tested the efficacy of three lines of defense (color, smell, taste) during the predation sequence of aposematic wood tiger moths (Arctia plantaginis) using blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) predators. Moths with two hindwing phenotypes (genotypes: WW/Wy = white, yy = yellow) were manipulated to have defense fluid with aversive smell (methoxypyrazines), body tissues with a…