Search results for "SHARE"

Decomposing regional business change at plant level in Italy. A novel spatial shift-share approach

2014

SAUCE: A Web-Based Automated Assessment Tool for Teaching Parallel Programming

2015

Many curricula for undergraduate studies in computer science provide a lecture on the fundamentals of parallel programming like multi-threaded computation on shared memory architectures using POSIX threads or OpenMP. The complex structure of parallel programs can be challenging, especially for inexperienced students. Thus, there is a latent need for software supporting the learning process. Subsequent lectures may cover more advanced parallelization techniques such as the Message Passing Interface (MPI) and the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) languages. Unfortunately, the majority of students cannot easily access MPI clusters or modern hardware accelerators in order to effectivel…

What Will You Do Next? A Cognitive Model for Understanding Others’ Intentions Based on Shared Representations

2013

Goal-directed action selection is the problem of what to do next in order to progress towards goal achievement. This problem is computationally more complex in case of joint action settings where two or more agents coordinate their actions in space and time to bring about a common goal: actions performed by one agent influence the action possibilities of the other agents, and ultimately the goal achievement. While humans apparently effortlessly engage in complex joint actions, a number of questions remain to be solved to achieve similar performances in artificial agents: How agents represent and understand actions being performed by others? How this understanding influences the choice of ag…

Distributed pedagogical leadership in support of student transitions

2012

This article examines how, through uncovering collaborative leadership, the whole school staff is able to understand its common endeavours to support heterogeneous students’ fluent learning paths. For this, a notion of distributed pedagogical leadership (DPL) is drawn upon. DPL concerns everyone in the school community, not only leaders and management. It means abandoning role, instrumental or process centricity and moving towards leadership that is characterized as the innermost qualities of a professional learning community. This kind of leadership is best described with 10 ‘keys’ as 10 key attributes. To understand DPL in practice, quantitative data both from a nationwide Finnish survey…

Maritime Trade and Merchant Shipping: The Shipping/Trade-Ratio from the 1870s Until Today.

2016

This paper discusses the development of countries’ market shares in world shipping over the last 150 years. The analysis is based upon a new and purpose-built indicator: the shipping/trade-ratio. This indicator presents the relationship between the merchant marine of a country and the country’s role in world trade. Analysis of the shipping/trade-ratio identifies two important developments. First, although the share of the world fleet registered in Europe has dropped significantly, Europe’s role in world shipping over the last fifty years has been more stable than is commonly perceived. Second, there appears to have been an increasing specialisation in the world shipping industry, both among…

Credit risk and efficiency in the European banking system: A three-stage analysis

2002

Increased competition and the attempts of European banks to increase their presence in other markets may have affected the efficiency and credit risk in the banking system. The first aspect is the incentive in reducing costs in order to gain in competitiveness. The second is associated with their lack of knowledge of such markets and/ or acceptance of a higher risk in order to increase their market share. Despite the importance of these aspects, banking literature has usually analysed the effects of competition on the efficiency of banking systems without considering these aspects. The few studies that attempt to obtain risk adjusted efficiency measures do not consider that part of the risk…

The Impact of the Productivity Dispersion Across Employers on the Labor's Income Share

2016

In the present paper, I study the distribution of income across the factors of production within the canonical on-the-job search framework. I show that, by weakening the competition between employers, a mean-preserving spread of the employers' productivity distribution decreases the share of the production output that the workers receive. This result is particularly intriguing in light of the rising productivity dispersion and the declining labor share in many countries.

Institutional Path Dependence in Competitive Dynamics: The Case of Paper Industries in Finland and the USA

2016

Prior research on competitive dynamics has failed to offer tools to understand distorted patterns of competition that emerge from distinct institutional and historical contexts. Our analysis suggests that a joint effect of institutional rules, governance structures, and shared cognition plays a pivotal role in firm-level competitive behavior and capability development. We show how globally significant market positions can result from specific institutional arrangements between firms and governments, especially if coupled with interfirm contractual commitments. Our results call for more attention to these interfirm commitments that are built on formal rules and governmental support, but whos…

Análisis de competitividad de las exportaciones: un nuevo enfoque shift-share

2009

Silviano.Esteve@uv.es Vicente.Pallardo@uv.es Francisco.Requena@uv.es Este trabajo utiliza un método de shift-share como herramienta para analizar la evolución de la competitividad exterior de una economía. Frente a otros indicadores tradicionales de competitividad (cuota de mercado, índice de ventaja comparativa revelada), este método ofrece una perspectiva dinámica para la evaluación de la competitividad exterior y permite descender desde niveles agregados (sectores) hasta productos específicos, identificando de este modo el origen de las ventajas-desventajas competitivas de una economía. Se presenta una aplicación para el sector de manufacturas del metal de la Comunidad Valenciana en el p…

Analyzing the performance of a cluster-based architecture for immersive visualization systems

2008

Cluster computing has become an essential issue for designing immersive visualization systems. This paradigm employs scalable clusters of commodity computers with much lower costs than would be possible with the high-end, shared memory computers that have been traditionally used for virtual reality purposes. This change in the design of virtual reality systems has caused some development environments oriented toward shared memory computing to require modifications to their internal architectures in order to support cluster computing. This is the case of VR Juggler, which is considered one of the most important virtual reality application development frameworks based on open source code. Thi…