Search results for "SIMILARITY"
showing 10 items of 474 documents
Friend Influence and Susceptibility to Influence: Changes in Mathematical Reasoning as a Function of Relative Peer Acceptance and Interest in Mathema…
2016
This study investigated friend influence over mathematics achievement in 202 same-sex friendship dyads (106 girl dyads). Participants were in the third grade (around age 9) at the outset. Each friend completed a questionnaire describing interest in mathematics and a standardized mathematical reasoning assessment. Peer nominations provided a measure of peer acceptance. The results revealed evidence that interest in mathematics moderates both the degree to which the higher-accepted friend was influential and the degree to which the lower-accepted friend was susceptible to influence. Specifically, the third-grade mathematical reasoning of the higher-accepted friend predicted an increase in the…
A smart and operator independent system to delineate tumours in Positron Emission Tomography scans
2018
Abstract Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging has an enormous potential to improve radiation therapy treatment planning offering complementary functional information with respect to other anatomical imaging approaches. The aim of this study is to develop an operator independent, reliable, and clinically feasible system for biological tumour volume delineation from PET images. Under this design hypothesis, we combine several known approaches in an original way to deploy a system with a high level of automation. The proposed system automatically identifies the optimal region of interest around the tumour and performs a slice-by-slice marching local active contour segmentation. It automa…
Particle Swarm Optimization as a New Measure of Machine Translation Efficiency
2018
The present work proposes a new approach to measuring efficiency of evolutionary algorithm-based Machine Translation. We implement some attributes of evolutionary algorithms performing cosine similarity objective function of a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm then, we evaluate an English text set for translation precision into the Spanish text as a simulated benchmark, and explore the backward process. Our results show that PSO algorithm can be used for translation of multiple language sentences with one identifier only, in other words the technology presented is language-pair independent. Specifically, we indicate that our cosine similarity objective function improves the veloci…
Semantic Word Error Rate for Sentence Similarity
2016
Sentence similarity measures have applications in several tasks, including: Machine Translation, Paraphrase Iden- tification, Speech Recognition, Question-answering and Text Summarization. However, measures designed for these tasks are aimed at assessing equivalence rather than resemblance, partly departing from human cognition of similarity. While this is reasonable for these activities, it hinders the applicability of sentence similarity measures to other tasks. We therefore propose a new sentence similarity measure specifically designed for resemblance evaluation, in order to cover these fields better. Experimental results are discussed.
Translingual text mining for identification of language pair phenomena
2016
Translingual Text Mining (TTM) is an innovative technology of natural language processing for building multilingual parallel corpora, processing machine translation, contextual knowledge acquisition, information extraction, query profiling, language modeling, contextual word sensing, creating feature test sets and for variety of other purposes. The Keynote Lecture will discuss opportunities and challenges of this computational technology. In particular, the focus will be made on identification of language pair phenomena and their applications to building holistic language model which is a novel tool for processing machine translation, supporting professional translations, evaluation of tran…
Monolingual and cross-lingual intent detection without training data in target languages
2021
Due to recent DNN advancements, many NLP problems can be effectively solved using transformer-based models and supervised data. Unfortunately, such data is not available in some languages. This research is based on assumptions that (1) training data can be obtained by the machine translating it from another language
Construction of Chimeric Dual-Chain Avidin by Tandem Fusion of the Related Avidins
2011
BackgroundAvidin is a chicken egg-white protein with high affinity to vitamin H, also known as D-biotin. Many applications in life science research are based on this strong interaction. Avidin is a homotetrameric protein, which promotes its modification to symmetrical entities. Dual-chain avidin, a genetically engineered avidin form, has two circularly permuted chicken avidin monomers that are tandem-fused into one polypeptide chain. This form of avidin enables independent modification of the two domains, including the two biotin-binding pockets; however, decreased yields in protein production, compared to wt avidin, and complicated genetic manipulation of two highly similar DNA sequences i…
Dynamic integration with random forests
2006
Random Forests (RF) are a successful ensemble prediction technique that uses majority voting or averaging as a combination function. However, it is clear that each tree in a random forest may have a different contribution in processing a certain instance. In this paper, we demonstrate that the prediction performance of RF may still be improved in some domains by replacing the combination function with dynamic integration, which is based on local performance estimates. Our experiments also demonstrate that the RF Intrinsic Similarity is better than the commonly used Heterogeneous Euclidean/Overlap Metric in finding a neighbourhood for local estimates in the context of dynamic integration of …
Genetic dissimilarity between mates, but not male heterozygosity, influences divorce in schistosomes.
2008
6 pages; International audience; Background: Correlational studies strongly suggest that both genetic similarity and heterozygosity can influence female mate choice. However, the influence of each variable has usually been tested independently, although similarity and heterozygosity might be correlated. We experimentally determined the relative influence of genetic similarity and heterozygosity in divorce and re-mating in the monogamous endoparasite Schistosoma mansoni. Methodology/Principal Findings: We performed sequential infections of vertebrate hosts with controlled larval populations of parasites, where sex and individual genetic diversity and similarity were predetermined before infe…
Visual letter similarity effects during sentence reading: Evidence from the boundary technique
2018
The study of how the cognitive system encodes letter identities from the visual input has received much attention in models of visual word recognition but it has typically been overlooked in models of eye movement control in reading. Here we examined how visual letter similarity affects early word processing during reading using Rayner's (1975) boundary change technique in which the parafoveal preview of the target word was either identical (e.g., frito-frito [fried]) or a one-letter-different nonword (e.g., frjto-frito vs. frgto-frito). Critically, the substituted letter in the nonword was visually similar (based on letter confusability norms) or visually dissimilar. Results showed shorter…