Search results for "SOI"

Why Use Interactive Multi-Objective Optimization in Chemical Process Design?

2008

Problems in chemical engineering, like most real-world optimization problems, typically, have several conflicting performance criteria or objectives and they often are computationally demanding, which sets special requirements on the optimization methods used. In this chapter, we point out some shortcomings of some widely used basic methods of multi-objective optimization. As an alternative, we suggest using interactive approaches where the role of a decision maker or a designer is emphasized. Interactive multi-objective optimization has been shown to suit well for chemical process design problems because it takes the preferences of the decision maker into account in an iterative manner tha…

PLOT LENGTH EFFECTS ON RUNOFF AND SOIL EROSION AT THE SPARACIA EXPERIMENTAL SITE

2018

Explaining scale effects for runoff and erosion improves our understanding of erosion processes. In this investigation, plot length effects on event runoff per unit area, Qe, sediment concentration, Ce, and soil loss per unit area, SLe, were checked at the Sparacia (Italy) site. The most common result, occurring for the 57-62% of the events depending on the considered variable, was the lack of any scale effect. When scale effects were detected, they indicated that longer plots yielded smaller Qe and SLe values and higher Ce values. Rainfall characteristics did not explain the occur-rence of significant scale effects nor they were able to describe changes in the scaling exponent for Ce and S…

Dynamics of soil organic matter pools after agricultural abandonment

2014

Changes of land use from croplands to natural vegetation usually increase Carbon (C) stocks in soil. However, the contribution of old and new C to various pools still is not clearly analyzed.We measured the 13C signature of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools after vegetation change from vineyard (C3) to grassland (C4) under Mediterranean climate to assess the changes of old and new C in total SOC, microbial biomass (MB), dissolved organic C (DOC), and CO2 efflux from soil. Development of the perennial grass Hyparrhenia hirta (C4) on vineyard abandoned for 15 or 35 years ago increased C stocks for 13% and 16%, respectively (in the upper 15 cm). This increase was linked to the incorporation of n…

Testing the Modified Sediment Delivery Model (MOSEDD) at SPA2 Experimental Basin, Sicily (Italy)

2017

A new version of a spatially distributed sediment delivery model taking into account the hillslope sediment transport efficiency, named MOSEDD, is presented. This model gives estimates of basin sediment yield at event scale, which are more reliable than those obtained by the original SEDD. For SPA2 basin discretized into morphological units, four different calculation schemes of MOSEDD, including the original SEDD version, were applied. All parameterization schemes of the model were calibrated using 15 events measured at the outlet of the experimental basin in the period February 2005–February 2010. The model calibration was used to determine a relationship between the coefficient βe of the…

Toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Lumbriculus variegatus is a function of dissolved silver and promoted by low sediment pH

2018

Toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to benthic organisms is a major concern. The use of AgNPs in industry and consumer products leads to increasing release of AgNPs into the aquatic environment—sediments being the major sink. Effects of sediment pH on the toxicity of AgNPs to benthic oligochaeta Lumbriculus variegatus were studied in a 23‐d toxicity test. Artificially prepared sediments (pH 5 and 7) were spiked with varying concentrations of uncoated AgNP, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)‐coated AgNP, and silver nitrate (AgNO3) as dissolved Ag reference. Number of individuals and biomass change were used as endpoints for the toxicity. The toxic effects were related to the bioaccessible conce…

Selaimen sormenjälkitunnistamisen torjunta käyttöjärjestelmäavusteisella virtualisoinnilla

2017

Selaimen sormenjälkitunnistaminen mahdollistaa käyttäjien seurannan käyttäjien yksityisyyttä luokkaavasti. Tutkielmassa selvitetään voidaanko käyttöjärjestelmäavusteisilla virtualisointiteknologioilla vastata selaimen sormenjälkitunnistamisen torjunnan asettamiin haasteisiin. Tutkielmassa havaittiin neljä eri haastetta selaimen sormenjälkitunnistamisen torjunnalle. Tutkielma keskittyy Linux-kernelin tukemiin käyttöjärjestelmäavusteisiin virtualisointiteknologiohin, jotka mahdollistavat ohjelmistokonttien toteuttamisen. Preventing browser fingerprinting using operating system level virtualization. Browser fingerprinting enables tracking of users in a way that violates users' privacy. In this…

Rainwater-induced leaching of selenium, arsenic and vanadium from Etnean volcanic soils

2009

Active volcanoes emit considerable amounts of contaminants such as As, Se and V. Mount Etna is the biggest volcano of Europe and an excellent geochemical site to study water-soil processes. Due to its volcanic activity, the rainwater has a strong compositional gradient, both in time and space. At present, the behaviour of trace elements in the soils around Mt Etna is poorly understood. To determine the influence of the rainwater pH on the potential mobilization of geogenic pollutants, batch experiments have been performed with synthetic rainwater for 25 soils collected along the flanks of the volcano. Our results show that: i) The maximum concentrations in the leaching solutions are higher …

Vulnérabilité des ménages et sentiment de déclassement social : l'adoption de comportements écologiques peut-elle contribuer à satisfaire les motivat…

2019

L’étude porte sur trois territoires de Gironde (France), situés le long d’un gradient d’urbanisation : la métropole de Bordeaux, le territoire périurbain du Créonnais et le territoire rural du Pays Foyen. Un diagnostic cartographique comparatif a été effectué à partir d’indicateurs socio-démographiques et économiques empruntés aux bases de données publiques (INSEE) pour caractériser les vulnérabilités territoriales et faire émerger des perturbateurs potentiels de la qualité de vie des personnes. Une enquête par questionnaire a aussi été réalisée (n=285 répondants) pour : i) identifier quels perturbateurs semblaient les plus problématiques en fonction des territoires, ii) mesurer le sentimen…

Fitness in male black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) : effects of life histories and sexual selection on male lifetime mating success

2013

Gaussian processes retrieval of crop traits in Google Earth Engine based on Sentinel-2 top-of-atmosphere data.

2022

The unprecedented availability of optical satellite data in cloud-based computing platforms, such as Google Earth Engine (GEE), opens new possibilities to develop crop trait retrieval models from the local to the planetary scale. Hybrid retrieval models are of interest to run in these platforms as they combine the advantages of physically-based radiative transfer models (RTM) with the flexibility of machine learning regression algorithms. Previous research with GEE primarily relied on processing bottom-of-atmosphere (BOA) reflectance data, which requires atmospheric correction. In the present study, we implemented hybrid models directly into GEE for processing Sentinel-2 (S2) Level-1C (L1C)…