Search results for "SPAN"
showing 10 items of 2556 documents
War and economics: Spanish civil war finances revisited
2010
This paper reviews how the Spanish civil war was financed. We present new evidence to show that the two combatant parties, the Republican government and the Franco administration followed similar financial strategies. In both cases money creation, rather than new taxes or the issue of debt, was the main mechanism used to cover the expenses of the war. We argue, contrary to the established knowledge, that both sides consumed a similar amount of domestic and foreign resources. We also argue that the Spanish Republic did not lose the war because of a lack of means. International factors, such as the Non-Intervention agreement promoted by France and Great Britain, and the military setbacks of t…
La recuperació del Dietari sobre la Guerra de Successió d'Isidre Planes a la premsa periòdica valenciana (1912-1913)
2019
Entre el 1 de marzo de 1912 y el 31 de diciembre de 1913, el diario valenciano Las Provincias publicó, por entregas, la práctica totalidad del contenido del segundo volumen -correspondiente a los años 1708-1709- del conocido como Dietari de Isidre Planes, una obra monumental que abarca un período cronológico de catorce años (1705-1718) y que ha sido calificada como la crónica más completa y detallada de la Guerra de Sucesión en Valencia. Así, además de dar noticia de la misma, el presente estudio analiza las características de aquella edición periodística que vio la luz a inicios del siglo xx, y valora sus consecuencias y beneficios. Finalmente, también apunta el nombre de posibles responsa…
Catalunya i València durant la Guerra de Successió. «La comuna empresa de la llibertat»
2012
La mort sense descendència de Carles II situava Europa i la Monarquia Hispànica en una autèntica cruïlla. Els dos candidats finals al tron, l'arxiduc Carles d'Àustria i el duc d'Anjou, Felip de Borbó, representaven trajectòries politicodinàstiques ben diferents. Per als Regnes de la Corona d'Aragó, estava en joc la pervivència del sistema pactista i la defensa dels seus projectes i interessos econòmics. En aquest context, Catalunya i València mantingueren una relació ben estreta, d'ajuda mútua, durant l'etapa de govern austriacista, que continuà després de la victòria borbònica d'Almansa i de l'abolició dels Furs de València, en un intent de frenar l'ofensiva militar sobre Catalunya i de re…
Workers’ Institutes: envisioned community, living community
2015
This article focuses on the Workers’ Institutes (WI), one of the most important educational initiatives undertaken by the Spanish Republic during the Civil War (1936–1939). After framing their creation within the context of European trends in higher education for the working classes and within the Spanish socio-political context, this article examines the role of these institutions as an envisioned community and as a living community, dedicated to serving the Republic as an imagined community. Legal documents, political and pedagogical speeches, as well as opinion pieces, portray the WI as an envisioned community. As such, they represented the transformations and disseminated the aspiration…
Seeing the Invisible: The Introduction and Development of Electron Microscopy in Britain, 1935–1945
2013
INTRODUCTIONSpring, 1941. The German campaigns in the Balkans are strengthening the Nazi domination of continental Europe. The Lend-Lease bill signed by Roosevelt on 1 1 March has broken any neutrality pretence of the USA. War material is being sold, transferred or leased to the Allied nations in the name of assisting US defence. The war is about to become global and US and British leaders discuss strategy in the event that the USA finally enters actively into the war. In this context, the British physicist Charles Galton Darwin (1887-1962) is appointed Director of the British Central Scientific Office in Washington - an institution conceived to promote closer contact and exchange of inform…
El Groupe Français d´Éducation Nouvelle y la Guerra Civil española en las revistas Pour l´Ère Nouvelle y L´Éducateur Prolétarien
2017
The Groupe Français d’Éducation Nouvelle (G.F.E.N.) was a fundamental point of reference for the New Education movement in Europe, represented in the interwar period by the International League for New Education. It was a diverse group, both in its composition and its ideological and pedagogical guidance, especially from 1936 with the arrival of Celestin Freinet and his co-workers from the Coopérative d’Enseignement laic. Through its magazine, Pour l’Ère Nouvelle, which was founded by Adolphe Ferrière and published regularly between January 1922 and March 1940, this movement had a significant influence on educational reformers throughout those two decades. The same is true for the magazine …
De Habsburgos a Borbones. Legistas y canonistas en la Real Universidad de México
2020
A lo largo de todo el periodo colonial, la Universidad de México fue mayoritariamente canonista en cuanto a las preferencias de sus estudiantes juristas. Sin embargo, hemos podido comprobar que para el tránsito de los siglos XVII a XVIII se aprecia alguna diferencia o particularidad, en cuanto que, respecto a algunos parámetros, las referencias sobre Leyes llegan a superar a las de Cánones. La cronología de esta singularidad resulta coincidente con los cambios en la política de nombramiento de las autoridades novohispanas, especialmente para la Audiencia. En este estudio intentamos acercarnos a la relación explicativa que pudiera haber entre estas dos realidades, cuestionándonos algunas pos…
L'alta noblesa catalana en la conquesta de València
1996
The studies about the conquest of Valence by the king Jaume I during the Xlllth century had emphasized the more great participation of the Aragonese nobility rather than the Catalan, so in the war as in the repartition of the land and the seigniories. Also it's affirmed that the Aragonese people remained in the Vanencian country, though the Catalans only came by religious reasons and went back to their land. This paper revises all the royal documents of the chancellery, the donations of the Repartiment and also the chronique of the king Jaume I, and demonstrates the opposed situation. The participation of the catalans nobility in the conquest of Valencia was very important —more than 150 kn…
From Spain to Sicily after the Expulsion: Conversos between Economic Networks and the Aristocratic Elite
2018
Abstract This article focuses on a group of conversos families from Spain, who established themselves in Palermo after the Expulsion of the Jews in 1492. There they supported financial activities of the Nazione Catalana and established strong relationships with the local aristocracy. Thanks to this alliance, they managed to avoid persecution by the Spanish Inquisition, “cleanse” their “impure” blood and reach high positions within politics and society: feudal titles, political and financial offices, habits of military orders, ecclesiastical appointments and sometimes even sainthood. Firstly, the paper will give a brief sketch of the phenomenon of conversos in Sicily as well as the activitie…
Farmers’ autonomous management or state regulation? The consolidation of local irrigation associations in Spain (nineteenth to twentieth centuries)
2019
AbstractThe collective management of irrigation is an essential factor in agrarian development, both present and past. However, the relationship of irrigation associations with the state remains underexplored, despite the increasingly important role played by water policies in the modern world. The present article examines this relationship in Spain over the last two centuries. Our results suggest that, first, the state played a decisive part in the emergence and evolution of irrigation associations, and this belies the assumption of the traditional origin of these institutions; second, that farmers, despite being subject to the regulatory framework, enjoyed substantial autonomy in the mana…