Search results for "STATISTICS"

Counseling Patients with a Glioblastoma Amenable Only for Subtotal Resection: Results of a Multicenter Retrospective Assessment of Survival and Neuro…

2017

Background Patients with a glioblastoma (GB) amenable only for subtotal resection (STR) represent a challenge in patient counseling. Our objective was to assess impact of extent of resection (EoR) on survival and clinical outcome of these patients. Methods We performed a retrospective multicenter assessment. Patients receiving an intended STR in 3 centers with unilocular, primary, highly eloquent GB who received the same adjuvant treatment were included. We assessed EoR, neurologic outcome, and rate of complications. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated with Kaplan–Meier estimations. We used 1% EoR and 1-cm3 steps to detect a threshold for a minimal EoR …

A family based tailored counselling to increase non-exercise physical activity in adults with a sedentary job and physical activity in their young ch…

2011

Abstract Background Epidemiological evidence suggests that decrease in sedentary behaviour is beneficial for health. This family based randomized controlled trial examines whether face-to-face delivered counselling is effective in reducing sedentary time and improving health in adults and increasing moderate-to-vigorous activities in children. Methods The families are randomized after balancing socioeconomic and environmental factors in the Jyväskylä region, Finland. Inclusion criteria are: healthy men and women with children 3-8 years old, and having an occupation where they self-reportedly sit more than 50% of their work time and children in all-day day-care in kindergarten or in the firs…

The meaning and reliability of accurate empathy ratings: a rejoinder.

1972

Determinants of vaccine hesitancy and effectiveness of vaccination counseling interventions among a sample of the general population in Palermo, Ital…

2020

Counteract vaccine hesitancy is a public health priority. Main objectives of the cross-sectional study conducted were to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding vaccination issues, to estimate the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and to estimate the effectiveness of vaccination counseling on community advocacy in a sample of general population. An anonymous validated questionnaire was administered in April 2017 at the main shopping center of Palermo and was followed by tailored vaccination counseling interventions. To estimate the effectiveness of the interventions four main connection parameters to the vaccinarsi.org website were evaluated, in the two months before and after …

Causal Inference and Statistical Fallacies

2001

Fallacies are defined as plausible-seeming arguments that give the wrong conclusion. The article concentrates on those with some connection with causality. The classical definition of causality involving a necessary and sufficient condition for an effect is rejected and three possible definitions discussed. The first is that of a statistical association that cannot be explained away as the effect of admissible alternative features. To make this more precise, Markov graphical representations are introduced and the important distinction between pairs of variables on an equal footing and those in a potential explanatory-response relation described. The roles of unobserved confounders and of ra…

Effective-field-theory predictions of the muon-deuteron capture rate

2018

We quantify the theoretical uncertainties of chiral effective-field-theory predictions of the muon-deuteron capture rate. Theoretical error estimates of this low-energy process is important for a reliable interpretation of forthcoming experimental results by the MuSun collaboration. Specifically, we estimate the three dominant sources of uncertainties that impact theoretical calculations of this rate: those resulting from uncertainties in the pool of fit data used to constrain the coupling constants in the nuclear interaction, those due to the truncation of the effective field theory, and those due to uncertainties in the axial radius of the nucleon. For the capture rate into the ${}^1S_0$ …

Measuring Spatiotemporal Dependencies in Bivariate Temporal Random Sets with Applications to Cell Biology

2008

Analyzing spatiotemporal dependencies between different types of events is highly relevant to many biological phenomena (e.g., signaling and trafficking), especially as advances in probes and microscopy have facilitated the imaging of dynamic processes in living cells. For many types of events, the segmented areas can overlap spatially and temporally, forming random clumps. In this paper, we model the binary image sequences of two different event types as a realization of a bivariate temporal random set and propose a nonparametric approach to quantify spatial and spatiotemporal interrelations using the pair correlation, cross-covariance, and the Ripley K functions. Based on these summary st…

Diagnostic accuracy of adding copeptin to cardiac troponin for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2018

Introduction This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of adding copeptin to cardiac troponin (cTn) on admission to the emergency department (ED) for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) compared to cTn alone. Materials and methods A literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was performed (search date: April 13, 2018). Primary studies were included if they accurately reported on patients with symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial infarction and measured both cTn alone and cTn with copeptin upon admission to the ED. The patients with evidence of ST elevation myocardial infarction were excluded. To assess the risk of bias for the included studies,…

Applying univariate vs. multivariate statistics to investigate therapeutic efficacy in (pre)clinical trials: A Monte Carlo simulation study on the ex…

2020

BackgroundSmall sample sizes combined with multiple correlated endpoints pose a major challenge in the statistical analysis of preclinical neurotrauma studies. The standard approach of applying univariate tests on individual response variables has the advantage of simplicity of interpretation, but it fails to account for the covariance/correlation in the data. In contrast, multivariate statistical techniques might more adequately capture the multi-dimensional pathophysiological pattern of neurotrauma and therefore provide increased sensitivity to detect treatment effects.ResultsWe systematically evaluated the performance of univariate ANOVA, Welch's ANOVA and linear mixed effects models ver…

Reliability Estimation of Optimal Viscoelastic Composite Shells in Critical-Time Calculations

2003

The problem of reliability estimation for optimal viscoelastic composite shells in critical-time calculations is considered. The weight minimization of a viscoelastic composite shell, with constraints on deflections at the critical time, leads to a system deforming unstably, whose deflections grow in time with an increasing rate. A method for estimating the reliability of such shells in calculating the critical time is discussed. This time is regarded as a random variable depending on many, roughly equivalent, factors. An analysis of the reliability is carried out for different values of coefficients of variation, occurring in practice.