Search results for "STRESS"
showing 10 items of 6278 documents
Effects of Acute Stress on the Oscillatory Activity of the Hippocampus–Amygdala–Prefrontal Cortex Network
2021
Displaying a stress response to threatening stimuli is essential for survival. These reactions must be adjusted to be adaptive. Otherwise, even mental illnesses may develop. Describing the physiological stress response may contribute to distinguishing the abnormal responses that accompany the pathology, which may help to improve the development of both diagnoses and treatments. Recent advances have elucidated many of the processes and structures involved in stress response management; however, there is still much to unravel regarding this phenomenon. The main aim of the present research is to characterize the response of three brain areas deeply involved in the stress response (i.e., to an …
Neuroendocrine responses in neonatal mother-deprived rabbits.
2009
To study both short- and long-term adaptation mechanisms activated by rabbits which were separated from their mothers (DLS) for 48 h between postnatal days 9 and 11, we examined plasma corticosterone concentrations before, during, and after DLS as well as the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the hippocampus and the adrenal axis responses to a mild stress stimuli or exogenous ACTH injection. At postnatal day 10, plasma corticosterone concentration of DLS rabbits was similar to that of controls, but rose two-fold at day 11 (17.7 + or - 1.3 vs. 9.3 + or - 1.2 microg/dl, P0.01) and then decreased at day 12, when suckling was allowed again, to match those of controls with no differe…
Parental stress and resilience in autism spectrum disorder and Down syndrome
2020
The aim of this study was to compare parental stress and resilience in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Down syndrome (DS), and typical development (TD), and analyze the relationship between these two constructs. A total of 97 parents participated (ASD: n = 32, DS: n = 23, and TD: n = 42). The instruments used were the Parental Stress Index and the Resilience Scale. The ASD group obtained higher parental stress related to the child’s characteristics but not related to the parents’ characteristics. The three groups obtained moderate resilience, and high resilience was associated with low parental stress in the ASD and DS groups. The higher parental stress obtained in…
Determination of hydrodynamic drag forces and drag coefficients on human leg/foot model during knee exercise.
2000
Objective. The purpose of this laboratory experiment was to measure hydrodynamic drag forces in barefoot/hydro-boot conditions and accordingly, to determine the coefficients of drag on human leg/foot model during simulated knee extension–flexion exercise. Design. The prosthesis of the human lower leg was set in a water tank and connected into an isokinetic force dynamometer to measure resistive forces during knee motion. Background. Quantifying resistance for aquatic exercises has been a challenge in hydrotherapy. The use of models of foot/leg provides a practical method to calculate coefficients of drag and to estimate resistance for rehabilitation purposes in musculoskeletal and amputee p…
Quantifying the spatial extent and intensity of recent extreme drought events in the Amazon rainforest and their impacts on the carbon cycle
2020
Over the last decades, the Amazon rainforest was hit by multiple severe drought events. Here we assess the severity and spatial extent of the extreme drought years 2005, 2010, and 2015/2016 in the Amazon region and their impacts on the carbon cycle. As an indicator of drought stress in the Amazon rainforest, we use the widely applied maximum cumulative water deficit (ΔMCWD). Evaluating an ensemble of ten state-of-the-art precipitation datasets for the Amazon region, we find that the spatial extent of the drought in 2005 ranges from 2.8 to 4.2 (mean = 3.2) million km2 (46–71 % of the Amazon basin, mean = 53 %) where ΔMCWD indicates at le…
Carbohydrate and Nutritional Responses to Stem Girdling and Drought Stress with Respect to Understanding Symptoms of Huanglongbing in Citrus
2013
The most important worldwide problem in citrus production is the bacterial disease Huanglongbing (HLB; citrus greening) caused by a phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. The earliest visible symptoms of HLB on leaves are vein yellowing and an asymmetrical chlorosis referred to as “blotchy mottle,” thought to be the result of starch accumulation. We tested the hypothesis that such visible symptoms are not unique to HLB by stem girdling 2-year-old seedlings of two citrus rootstocks with and without drought stress in the greenhouse. After 31 days, girdling had little effect on shoot growth but girdling increased the relative growth rate of shoots in drought-stressed trees…
Some morphological, anatomical, physiological responses of different olive cultivars to high temperatures and drought stress
2004
The aim of this work is to find relationships between morphology and physiology in three different olive cultivars: Biancolilla, Cerasuola and Nocellara del Belice, when plants were subjected to high temperature and drought. These cultivars are estensively used in Sicily for productive purposes. The results about ultrastructural and physiological studies on shoot growth, leaf anatomy, chloroplast ultrastructure and oxygen production, indicate that Biancolilla is the cultivar in which the studied traits showed fewer changes and can be considered to have the best tolerance to both high temperatures and water deficit. In the other hand, the morphological and physiological characteristics studi…
In vitro and in vivo characterization of a new organic nitrate hybrid drug covalently bound to pioglitazone.
2014
<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Organic nitrates represent a group of nitrovasodilators that are clinically used for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. The new compound CLC-3000 is an aminoethyl nitrate (AEN) derivative of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent combining the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor &#947; agonist activity of pioglitazone with the NO-donating activity of the nitrate moiety. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In vitro and in vivo characterization was performed by isometric tension recording, platelet function, bleeding time and detection of oxidative stress. <b><i>Results:</i></…
Protection of Azidothymidine-Induced Cardiopathology in Mice by Mildronate, a Mitochondria-Targeted Drug
2006
Azidothymidine, a nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), is a commonly used antiretroviral drug in AIDS treatment, however its use is limited by severe toxic side effects due to its influence on mitochondria that result in myopathy, particularly affecting the cardiac muscle. We suggest that effective protection of azidothymidine- induced cardiopathology can be expected from drugs that are capable of targeting mitochondria. Therefore the present study in mice was carried out with mildronate, a cardioprotective drug of the aza-butyrobetaine class, which previously has been shown to act as a highly potent protector of mitochondrial processes. In our study, saline (control)…
Nanomedicine: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to COVID-19
2021
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is causing devastating morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nanomedicine approaches have a high potential to enhance conventional diagnostics, drugs and vaccines. In fact, lipid nanoparticle/mRNA vaccines are already widely used to protect from COVID-19. In this review, we present an overview of the taxonomy, structure, variants of concern, epidemiology, pathophysiology and detection methods of SARS-CoV-2. The efforts of repurposing, tailoring, and adapting pre-existing medications to battle COVID-19 and the state of vaccine developments are presented. Next, we discuss the broad concepts and limitations of how nanomedicine could address the COVID-19 threat. Nanomaterials …