Search results for "STRESS"
showing 10 items of 6278 documents
Sublethal Pyrethroid Insecticide Exposure Carries Positive Fitness Effects Over Generations in a Pest Insect
2019
AbstractStress tolerance and adaptation to stress are known to facilitate species invasions. Many invasive species are also pests and insecticides are used to control them, which could shape their overall tolerance to stress. It is well-known that heavy insecticide usage leads to selection of resistant genotypes but less is known about potential effects of mild sublethal insecticide usage. We studied whether stressful, sublethal pyrethroid insecticide exposure has within-generational and/or maternal transgenerational effects on fitness-related traits in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and whether maternal insecticide exposure affects insecticide tolerance of offspring…
Short-term moderate diet restriction in adulthood can reverse oxidative, cardiovascular and metabolic alterations induced by postnatal overfeeding in…
2016
AbstractWe aimed to determine whether moderate diet restriction could restore cardiac, oxidative and metabolic alterations induced by postnatal overfeeding (PNOF). Litters of C57BL/6 male mice were either maintained at 9 (normal litter, NL), or reduced to 3 (small litter, SL) in order to induce PNOF. At 6 months, half of the NL and SL mice were subjected to 20% calorie-restriction (CR: NLCR, SLCR) for one month, while the other half continued to eat ad libitum (AL: NLAL, SLAL). Six-month old SL mice presented overweight, fat accumulation, hyperleptinemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, increased cardiac ROS production and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). After …
Aged Mice Devoid of the M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Develop Mild Dry Eye Disease
2021
The parasympathetic nervous system is critically involved in the regulation of tear secretion by activating muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Hence, various animal models targeting parasympathetic signaling have been developed to induce dry eye disease (DED). However, the muscarinic receptor subtype (M1–M5) mediating tear secretion remains to be determined. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the M3 receptor subtype regulates tear secretion and to evaluate the ocular surface phenotype of mice with targeted disruption of the M3 receptor (M3R−/−). The experimental techniques included quantification of tear production, fluorescein staining of the ocular surface, environmenta…
Prenatal ambient air pollution exposure, infant growth and placental mitochondrial DNA content in the INMA birth cohort
2017
Background: The association between prenatal air pollution exposure and postnatal growth has hardly been explored. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as a marker of oxidative stress, and growth at birth can play an intermediate role in this association. Objective: In a subset of the Spanish birth cohort INMA we assessed first whether prenatal nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure is associated with infant growth. Secondly, we evaluated whether growth at birth (length and weight) could play a mediating role in this association. Finally, the mediation role of placental mitochondrial DNA content in this association was assessed. Methods: In 336 INMA children, relative placental mtDNA content was measured. L…
Malnutrition impairs mitochondrial function and leukocyte activation
2019
Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial function in a disease-related malnutrition (DRM) outpatient population. Methods For this cross-sectional study, a total of 83 subjects were included and clustered in 3 groups: 34 with normonutrition (NN), 21 with DRM without inflammation (DRM-I) and 28 with DRM and inflammation (DRM + I). Nutritional diagnosis was conducted for all subjects according to ASPEN. Biochemical parameters, proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species production, glutathione, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption, adhesion molecules and leukocyte-endothelium interactions were eva…
The early response of αB-crystallin to a single bout of aerobic exercise in mouse skeletal muscles depends upon fiber oxidative features
2019
Besides its substantial role in eye lens, αB-crystallin (HSPB5) retains fundamental function in striated muscle during physiological or pathological modifications. In this study, we aimed to analyse the cellular and molecular factors driving the functional response of HSPB5 protein in different muscles from mice subjected to an acute bout of non-damaging endurance exercise or in C2C12 myocytes upon exposure to pro-oxidant environment, chosen as “in vivo” and “in vitro” models of a physiological stressing conditions, respectively.To this end, red (GR) and white gastrocnemius (GW), as sources of slow-oxidative and fast-glycolytic/oxidative fibers, as well as the soleus (SOL), mainly composed …
The effect of restrained eating on acute stress-induced food intake in people with obesity
2021
Abstract Restrained eating, defined as a form of intense dieting or restrictive food intake of specific macronutrients or types of food with sporadic episodes of overeating, results in an increased risk of overweight and obesity. Acute stress situations cause irregular eating patterns and are connected to restrained eating. Therefore, the present study investigates the effect of high/low restrained eating on eating behavior in people with obesity after standardized acute stress induction as well as resting condition. Fifty men and women with obesity (BMI: 33.62 ± 3.93 kg/m2) were categorized into high restrained eaters (HRE) and low restrained eaters (LRE). The total energy intake was measu…
CD40L controls obesity-associated vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in high fat diet-treated and db/db mice
2018
Abstract Aims CD40 ligand (CD40L) signaling controls vascular oxidative stress and related dysfunction in angiotensin-II-induced arterial hypertension by regulating vascular immune cell recruitment and platelet activation. Here we investigated the role of CD40L in experimental hyperlipidemia. Methods and results Male wild type and CD40L−/− mice (C57BL/6 background) were subjected to high fat diet for sixteen weeks. Weight, cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels, endothelial function (isometric tension recording), oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase expression, dihydroethidium fluorescence) and inflammatory parameters (inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 expression) were assessed. CD40L exp…
Deformation-induced transitional myofibroblasts contribute to compensatory lung growth
2016
In many mammals, including humans, removal of one lung (pneumonectomy) results in the compensatory growth of the remaining lung. Compensatory growth involves not only an increase in lung size, but also an increase in the number of alveoli in the peripheral lung; however, the process of compensatory neoalveolarization remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)—a cytoplasmic protein characteristic of myofibroblasts—is induced in the pleura following pneumonectomy. SMA induction appears to be dependent on pleural deformation (stretch) as induction is prevented by plombage or phrenic nerve transection (P < 0.001). Within 3 days of pneumonectomy, …
Blockade of the trans-sulfuration pathway in acute pancreatitis due to nitration of cystathionine β-synthase
2019
© 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.