Search results for "STROKE"
showing 10 items of 1226 documents
Antiplatelets in stroke prevention
2014
Stroke is the second cause of death worldwide and one of the leading cause of disability. Due to the high rate of recurrence, in high risk-patients (eg patients affected by atherosclerotic vascular disease), long-term antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of vascular events such as non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or vascular death. The percentage of reduction of the events can be estimated in approximately 25%. These data justify the directions that are given to us by the current guidelines for prevention of secondary stroke, which recommend the broad use of antiplatelet therapy both for the secondary prevention of stroke in patients with a history of non-cardioembolic st…
Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: a pooled analysis of 97 prospect…
2014
Summary Background Body-mass index (BMI) and diabetes have increased worldwide, whereas global average blood pressure and cholesterol have decreased or remained unchanged in the past three decades. We quantified how much of the effects of BMI on coronary heart disease and stroke are mediated through blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose, and how much is independent of these factors. Methods We pooled data from 97 prospective cohort studies that collectively enrolled 1·8 million participants between 1948 and 2005, and that included 57 161 coronary heart disease and 31 093 stroke events. For each cohort we excluded participants who were younger than 18 years, had a BMI of lower than 20 kg/…
Antiplatelet treatment in ischemic stroke treatment.
2009
Antiplatelets represent a diverse group of agents that share the ability to reduce platelet activity through a variety of mechanisms. Antithrombotic agents are effective in the secondary prevention of ischemic strokes. Most strokes are caused by a sudden blockage of an artery in the brain (called an ischaemic stroke) that is usually due to a blood clot. Immediate treatment with antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin may prevent new clots from forming and hence improve recovery after stroke. Several studies have evaluated the role of one antiplatelet agent, aspirin, in reducing stroke severity. The International Stroke Trial (IST) of 20,000 patients with acute stroke from other countries. In thi…
The changing landscape of thromboprophylaxis for atrial fibrillation: insights from the ISPAF-2 survey
2018
Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac dysrhythmia. It represents a major public health problem due to increased mortality risk, reduced quality of life, and increased health costs [1, 2]. The prevalence of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) continues to increase worldwide, largely affecting the elderly, but also occurring in younger patients as a result of structural heart disease, autonomic imbalance, genetic abnormality, or previous cardiac surgery [3]. The rise in prevalence of AF is largely due to the increasing age of the population. About 1–2% of the total population is affected by AF, but the prevalence of this condition rises to ≈ 10% in individuals aged > 75…
Identification of a plausible serum uric acid cut-off value as prognostic marker of stroke: the Uric Acid Right for Heart Health (URRAH) study
2021
The Working Group on Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Risk of the Italian Society of Hypertension conceived and designed an ad hoc study aimed at searching for prognostic cut-off values of serum uric acid (SUA) in predicting combined (fatal and non-fatal) cerebrovascular (CBV) events in the whole database. The URic acid Right for heArt Health study is a nationwide, multicenter, observational cohort study involving data on subjects aged 18-95 years recruited on a regional community basis from all the territory of Italy under the patronage of the Italian Society of Hypertension with a mean follow-up period of 120.7 ± 61.8 months. A total of 14,588 subjects were included in the analysis. A prognos…
Anteil des frühen systolischen Flussanstiegs am antegrad fließenden Gesamtvolumen bei Phasenkontrast-Flussmessungen in Atemanhaltetechnik
2005
Purpose To evaluate the contribution of early systole for the assessment of antegrade aortic flow volume by breath-hold velocity-encoded magnetic resonance (MR) flow measurements. Materials and methods Expiratory breath-hold fast low-angle shot (FLASH) phase-contrast flow measurements (temporal resolution tRes 61 msec, shared phases) perpendicular to the proximal ascending aorta and short axis true fast imaging with steady-state precession (TrueFISP) cine MR ventriculometry (tRes 34.5 msec) were performed in ten healthy male volunteers on a 1.5 T MR system (Sonata, Siemens Medical Solutions). Antegrade aortic flow volume (AFV) and left ventricular stroke volume (LV-SV) were evaluated using …
Neural conservation in skull base surgery
2002
Surgical treatment of lesions of the skull base carries significant risk to the functioning of the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, and cranial nerves. This risk is due to both (1) problems associated with maintaining an adequate blood flow while exposing and removing the tumor and (2) direct or indirect trauma to the brain, perineural tissues, and cranial nerves. These risks may be reduced if information about possible implications of surgical maneuvers on the cerebral blood flow and on the function of the patient’s CNS and cranial nerves is available and can be monitored during surgery of the skull base. The use of EMG neuromonitoring for the facial nerve and of brainstem evoked response …
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: What the anesthesiologist should know
2016
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a rather common sleep disorder and constitutes a risk or an aggravating factor for various underlying diseases. OSAS is characterised by repeated upper airway collapse during sleep causing fragmented sleep, hypoxemia and hypercapnia. It may also cause considerable changes in intrathoracic pressure and an increase in sympathetic nervous activity, which represent the basis of associated pathologies such as arterial hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke and sudden death [1]. Moreover, there is a well-established association between OSAS and postoperative complications [2, 3]. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of patien…
The importance of balance and postural control in the recovery of stroke patients
2020
Introduction.According to the criteria of WHO, stroke is a health condition that causes focal or global brain disorders (1), but without an apparent nonvascular cause. Stroke is considered the third leading cause of death in industrialized countries and accounts for 9% of all deaths, being considered one of the largest cases of disability in the world. Due to the medical, social and economic consequences that it causes, stroke is considered a public health issue. Purpose of research. The study starts from the idea that in the recovery of stroke patients it is important to have an individualized physiotherapy program adapted to the functional parts of each patient, having the role of improvi…
Vestibular compensation of otolith graviceptive dysfunction in stroke patients
2022
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A sensitive and frequent clinical sign of a vestibular tone imbalance is the tilt of the perceived subjective visual vertical (SVV). There are no data yet focusing on lesion location at the cortical level as a factor for predicting compensation from the tilt of the SVV. METHODS With modern voxelwise lesion behavior mapping analysis, the present study determines whether lesion location in 23 right-hemispheric cortical stroke patients with an otolith dysfunction could predict the compensation of a vestibular tone imbalance in the chronic stage. RESULTS Our statistical anatomical lesion analysis revealed that lesions of the posterior insular cortex are involved in vestib…