Search results for "Salinity"
showing 4 items of 374 documents
THE USE OF MBR SYSTEMS FOR THE TREATMENT OF REAL SHIPBOARD SLOPS: ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE AND BIOMASS BIOKINETIC ACTIVITY
2016
In order to prevent hydrocarbon discharge at sea from ships, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) enacted the MARPOL 73/78 convention in which any oil and oil residue discharged in wastewater streams must contain less than 5 ppm hydrocarbons. Effective treatment of this petroleum-contaminated water is essential prior to its release into the environment, in order to prevent pollution problem for marine ecosystems as well as for human health. The present paper reports the first results of a field gathering campaign aimed at gaining insight about the treatment of real shipboard slops with a MBR pilot plant, in terms of pilot performance and biomass biokinetic activity. The achieved re…
NH4HCO3–water solutions regeneration in RED closed loop applications
2017
Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) in closed loop arrangement (Reverse Electrodialysis Heat Engine - REDHE) is a promising technology to convert low-grade waste heat into electricity. RED is a membrane process exploiting the salinity gradient between a concentrated and a diluted solution to generate electrical current. Due to the transfer phenomena occurring in the RED unit, the two exiting solutions are partially mixed. Thermal regeneration processes can be used to restore the initial conditions of the two solutions, thus closing the loop. In this regard, ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH4HCO3) salt solutions are suitable for such applications, being able to decompose at temperatures above 40-45 …
REVERSE ELECTRODIALYSIS FOR POWER PRODUCTION FROM OILFIELD WASTEWATERS
2022
Produced waters (PWs) are wastewaters generated by crude-oil extraction processes. They can present very different characteristics depending on the field location and production process. Dispersed oil, dissolved organics and solid particles are usually the main components. Moreover, PWs can contain a very high quantity of dissolved salts 1, with a total dissolved solid (TDS) concentration up to 300 g/L. Each barrel of extracted oil requires the simultaneous extraction of 3 barrels of produced water2 on average. PWs are often discharged into the sea, or sent in evaporation ponds thus leading to a dramatic environment impact3. Reinjection in the extraction well is currently the most common an…