Search results for "Salinization"

Improvement of physical, chemical and biochemical proprieties of a salt affected Alfisol by addition of biochar and gypsum

2017

Salinization is one of the major environmental problems threatening agricultural productivity. Soil salinization is defined as an excessive accumulation of salts within the soil profile. It negatively affects soil physical and chemical properties, as well as the biochemical ones. Reclamation of salt affected soils requires removal of soluble salts and Na+ from the soil exchange sites. Subsequently, salts are leached out the root zone by irrigation water when available. Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) is the most commonly used chemical amendment for reclamation of salt affected soils since it provides Ca2+ that replaces Na+ on the exchange sites and improves soil structure. Also organic amendments have …

The impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on groundwater quality in an active volcanic/geothermal system under semi-arid climatic conditions: T…

2017

Abstract A comprehensive hydrogeochemical study of the cold and thermal groundwaters of the presently quiescent volcanic system at Methana was undertaken that involved collecting 71 natural water samples. Methana is a peninsula in Peloponnesus, Greece whose arid climate and hydrological situation is similar to that of the nearby small islands of the Aegean Sea. Similarly, the chemical and isotopic compositions of its water are dominated by the mixing of seawater with meteoric water both through direct intrusion and meteoric recharge. However, the simple mixing trends at Methana are modified by water–rock interaction processes, enhanced by the dissolution of endogenous CO2, which lead to str…

Irrigation, salinization and desertification. Evolution of Cropping Systems as Affected by Climate Change

2009

Management scenarios preventing salinization under irrigation with saline water.

2006

Management scenarios aimed at optimizing irrigation in a Sicilian vineyard characterized by a cracking clay soil irrigated with saline water were explored for seven soil profiles (Baglio 1-Baglio 7), by using the simulation model soil-water-atmosphere-plant environment (SWAP), which accounts for shrinkage and cracking. Accurate prediction of water content, theta, was obtained for the seven profiles by expressing the soil hydraulic properties according to the Brutsaert retention equation coupled with the hydraulic conductivity model proposed by Gardner (B-G model). A satisfactory prediction of the electrical conductivity of saturated extract (ECsat) ad was obtained using for the dispersivity…

Multiple stressors in Mediterranean coastal wetland ecosystems : Influence of salinity and an insecticide on zooplankton communities under different …

2021

Temperature increase, salinity intrusion and pesticide pollution have been suggested to be among the main stressors affecting the biodiversity of coastal wetland ecosystems. Here we assessed the single and combined effects of these stressors on zooplankton communities collected from a Mediterranean coastal lagoon. An indoor microcosm experiment was designed with temperature variation (20 °C and 30 °C), salinity (no addition, 2.5 g/L NaCl) and the insecticide chlorpyrifos (no addition, 1 μg/L) as treatments. The impact of these stressors was evaluated on water quality variables and on the zooplankton comunity (structure, diversity, abundance and taxa responses) for 28 days. This study shows …

Monitoring soil salinization as a strategy for preventing land degradation: a case study in Sicily

2008

Assessing and monitoring the risk of salinization by the Geonics EM-38: Application in a Sicilian irrigated area.

2007

The effect of alternating different water qualities on accumulation and leaching of solutes in a Mediterranean cracking soil

2002

The relevance of bypass flow on water flow, solute or pesticide transport is becoming increasingly recognized. Recent investigations proved that soil salinization may be influenced by bypass flow, i.e. the rapid transport of water and solutes via macropores and/or shrinkage cracks to subsoil and groundwater. This paper explores the role of bypass flow in the process of accumulation and leaching of solutes, as well as of sodium, in a Mediterranean cracking soil irrigated with saline/sodic waters. The results of bypass flow experiments performed on undisturbed soil cores showed that leaching of solutes occurred in concomitance with bypass fluxes when a low salinity solution was alternated wit…

Spatial data fusion and analysis for soil characterization: a case study in a coastal basin of south-western Sicily (southern Italy)

2012

Salinization is one of the most serious problems confronting sustainable agriculture in semi-arid and arid regions. Accurate mapping of soil salinization and the associated risk represent a fundamental step in planning agricultural and remediation activities. Geostatistical analysis is very useful for soil quality assessment because it makes it possible to determine the spatial relationships between selected variables and to produce synthetic maps of spatial variation. The main objective of this paper was to map the soil salinization risk in the Delia-Nivolelli alluvial basin (south-western Sicily, southern Italy), using multivariate geostatistical techniques and a set of topographical, phy…