Search results for "Sample Size"

Anesthesia protocols in laboratory animals used for scientific purposes

2018

Background: A suitable, effective and free of complications anesthetic protocol is very important in experimental studies on animal models since it could bias the outcome of a trial. To date there is no universally accepted protocol for induction, maintenance and recovery from anesthesia. The endotracheal intubation with the use of inhalation anesthesia is used very especially in the from of large size laboratory animals, because it is a secure and easy control mode. However, it is not common for small laboratory animals because of the high technical skills required. Aim: The aim of this paper is a review of the main methods of induction of anesthesia in laboratory animals. Materials and me…

Influence of Inter- and Intra-Batch Variability on the Sample Size Required for Demonstration of Equivalent Microstructure of Semisolid Dosage Forms

2020

Inter- and intra-batch variability of the quality attributes contribute to the uncertainty for demonstrating equivalent microstructure of post-approval changes and generic/hybrids of semisolid topical products. Selecting a representative sample size to describe accurately the in vitro properties of semisolids and to reach enough statistical power to demonstrate similarity between two semisolid topical products is currently challenging. The objective of this work is to establish the number of batches and units per batch to be compared based on different inter-batch and intra-batch variability to demonstrate equivalence in the physical characteristics of the products that ensure a similar mic…

A Quick Simulation Technique for a Fluid Information Storage Problem

2001

Summary In this paper we present an application of Importance Sampling (IS) for quick simulation of buffer overflow probability in a statistical multiplexer loaded with a number of independent Markov modulated fluid sources. Runtime improvement is deducible from NMCσ2(p) and NISσ2(p*) that characterize the trade-offs between sample size and variance of the estimators of buffer overflow probability experienced in Monte Carlo (MC) and Importance Sampling simulations. By assuming that the same precision is achieved for the two kinds of simulations if σ2(p)=σ2(p*), an approximate closed form expression for the ratio NIS/NMC is derived, and it is minimized with respect to the load of the multipl…

Simulation with standardized patients to prepare undergraduate nursing students for mental health clinical practice: An integrative literature review.

2018

Abstract Objective To evaluate the available evidence supporting the efficacy of using simulation with standardized patients to prepare nursing students for mental health clinical practice. Design Integrative literature review. Data sources A systematic search of the electronic databases CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and SveMed+ was conducted to identify empirical studies published until November 2016. Multiple search terms were used. Original empirical studies published in English and exploring undergraduate nursing students' experiences of simulation with standardized patients as preparation for mental health nursing practice were included. A search of reference lists and…

Statistical analysis of inter-arrival times of rainfall events for Italian Sub-Alpine and Mediterranean areas

2012

Abstract. In this work a set of time-series of inter-arrival times of rainfall events, at daily scale, was analysed, with the aim to verify the issue of increasing duration of dry periods. The set consists of 12 time-series recorded at rain gauges in 1926–2005, six of them belong to an Italian Sub-Alpine area (Piedmont) and six to a Mediterranean one (Sicily). In order to overcome the problem related to limited sample size for high values of inter-arrival times, the discrete probability polylog-series distribution was used to fit the empirical data from partial (20 yr) time-series. Moreover, a simple qualitative trend analysis was applied to some high quantiles of inter-arrival times as wel…

CBCT assessment of radicular volume loss after rapid maxillary expansion : a systematic review

2018

Background The present systematic review analyzed the current literature to investigate whether rapid maxillary expansion (RME) causes radicular resorption, assessed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and methods Eighteen electronic databases and reference lists of studies were searched up to November 2017. Grey literature was also screened. To be included, articles must be human studies on growing subjects with transversal maxillary deficiency treated with maxillary expansion protocol and with 3-D radiographic assessment of radicular volume by CBCT images. Two authors independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Study characteristics…

A comparative evaluation between cheiloscopic patterns and the permanent molar relationships to predict the future malocclusions

2019

Background To assess the correlation between different cheiloscopic patterns with the permanent molar relationships. Material and methods 300 children who are 14-16 years old with completely erupted 2nd permanent molars upto occlusal table were recruited and the pattern of molar terminal plane was recorded in the proforma. Lip prints of these subjects were recorded with lipstick-cellophane method and middle 10mm of lower lip was analysed for the lip print pattern as suggested by Sivapathasundharam et al. The pattern were classified based on Tsuchihashi and Suzuki classification. Results Type II (branched) pattern was the most predominant cheiloscopic pattern. The predominant patterns which …

Use of Quantitative Morphological Analysis Combined with a Large Sample Size for Estimating Morphological Variability in a Case Study of Armoured Mit…

2015

Abstract The morphology of Oribatida and similar little-known groups of organisms varies considerably, which complicates morphological analysis (e.g. species descriptions). Qualitative analyses have been carried out mostly on a small number of individuals (n < 25). There is lack of studies dealing with mechanisms of how that variation can change in relation to sample size and insufficient discussion on whether qualitative or quantitative analysis is more appropriate for description of morphological variability. A total of 500 adult Carabodes subarcticus Trägårdh, 1902 Oribatida were collected from a local population. Six qualitative and six quantitative traits were characterised using li…

Stochastic Approximation for Multivariate and Functional Median

2010

We propose a very simple algorithm in order to estimate the geometric median, also called spatial median, of multivariate (Small (1990)) or functional data (Gervini (2008)) when the sample size is large. A simple and fast iterative approach based on the Robbins-Monro algorithm (Duflo (1997)) as well as its averaged version (Polyak and Juditsky (1992)) are shown to be effective for large samples of high dimension data. They are very fast and only require O(Nd) elementary operations, where N is the sample size and d is the dimension of data. The averaged approach is shown to be more effective and less sensitive to the tuning parameter. The ability of this new estimator to estimate accurately …

2019

Objective A short questionnaire which can be applied for assessing patient satisfaction in different contexts and different countries is to be developed. Methods Six items addressing tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and communication were analysed. The first five items stem from SERVQUAL (SERVice QUALity), the last stems from the discussion about SERVQUAL. The analyses were performed with data from 12 surveys conducted in six different countries (England, Finland, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Spain) covering two different conditions (type 2 diabetes, stroke). Sample sizes for included participants are 247 in England, 160 in Finland, 231 in Germany, 152 in Gre…