Search results for "Sanctions"
showing 10 items of 44 documents
The impact of corruption on sport demand
2020
PurposeThe article presents an empirical analysis that evaluates the effects of a systemic corruption scandal on the demand in the short and the long run. In 2006, the Calciopoli scandal uncovered the match rigging in the Italian soccer first division. The exemplary sportive sanction of relegating the primary culprit to the second division imposed further negative externalities on the other clubs. Should we prefer the sportive sanction on the team or the monetary fines for the club?Design/methodology/approachWe estimated two log-linear models of the demand side (stadium attendance) using a fixed effect estimator, on two panel data set made of all the Italian soccer clubs in the first and se…
La retirada de Estados Unidos del Plan de Acción Integral Conjunto y la reimposición de sanciones a Irán: aspectos jurídicos y políticos
2019
This paper examines some issues raised by the United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) related to Iran’s nuclear program. The JCPOA is a nonbinding document, there has been some debate about the effect of the subsequent U.N. Security Council resolution endorsing the document on its legal status and on the US faculty of unilaterally withdrawing from the plan of action. Iran brought a case before the International Court of Justice questioning the legality of the reintroduction of U.S sanctions, the Court could eventually address the issue in later phases. This paper concludes that U.S withdrawal is legal from an international law perspective. Security Counc…
El aborto provocado: especial referencia en el Ordenamiento Canónico
2012
1. Regulación estatal. 1.1. Precedentes. 1.2. Legislación actual. 1.2.1 Aborto libre. 1.2.2. Sistema de indicaciones y plazos. 1.2.3. Aborto de menores de edad. 1.2.4. Objeción de conciencia. 1.2.5. Terminología ambigua. 1.2.6. Propuestas de futuro. 2. Regulación canónica. 2.1. El aborto es un pecado. 2.2. El aborto es un delito. 2.2.1. El aborto en el Código de 1917. 2.2.2. Legislación vigente. 2.2.2.1. Concepto. 2.2.2.2. Nuevos interrogantes. 2.2.2.3. Pena. 3. Consideraciones finales. 1. Regulation of the State. 1.1. Precedents. 1.2. Current legislation. 1.2.1. Free abortion. 1.2.2. System of instructions and deadlines. 1.2.3. Abortion of minors. 1.2.4. Conscientious objection. 1.2.5. Amb…
Sanctions and the exit from unemployment in two different benefit schemes
2016
This paper investigates the effect of benefit sanctions on the exit rate from unemployment using a unique set of rich register data on unemployed Finnish individuals. The timing-of-events approach is applied to distinguish between the selection and causal effects of sanctioning. The results imply that the effect of sanctions differs according to the benefits received. Sanctions encourage unemployed individuals receiving flat-rate labour market support (LMS) to find jobs, whereas unemployed individuals receiving earnings-related (UI) allowances to leave the labour force. The encouraging effect of sanctions on active labour market policy programmes is relatively small and statistically signif…
Harassment charges: Injustice done?
2018
We are deeply concerned by the way in which our friend and colleague Professor Francisco Ayala has been forced to resign from the University of California, Irvine (UCI), after being accused of sexual harassment (“Prominent geneticist out at UC Irvine after harassment finding,” M. Wadman, News, 29 June, [https://scim.ag/AyalaResignation][1]). The charges that have been raised against him have had appalling consequences. Those of us who are well acquainted with Professor Ayala know that he is an honorable person, who throughout his career has treated his friends, co-workers, and students in a respectful, egalitarian way. His lifelong commitment to teaching, research, and outreach on biologica…
External investigations and disciplinary sanctions against auditors: the impact on audit quality
2015
In this paper, we provide empirical evidence for the impact of disciplinary sanctions imposed on Spanish auditing firms and their engagement partners. The disciplinary sanctions resulted from external investigations, which revealed misapplications of auditing standards. In particular, we evaluate (a) the efficacy of the external supervisory board in identifying low-quality auditors and (b) the effectiveness of the disciplinary system in improving the quality of subsequent statutory audits performed by the sanctioned auditors. We employ two earnings management indicators as proxies for audit quality: loss avoidance through extraordinary items and abnormal accruals. And we compare these measu…
Ara es l’hora? The Approach of the Catalan Political Scene to Independence Issues
2016
The political situation in Catalonia during the last months is changing almost daily. Catalan nationalist movements consistently continue their efforts to create an independent state. As a result, every vote – an unofficial plebiscite, local elections or elections to the Catalan parliament – is treated like a referendum on the matter of independence. The Catalan actions that are ever more faster and further-reaching meet with a growing opposition of the central government, threatening the Catalan authorities with a number of sanctions in case of taking further, concrete steps to break away from Spain. Although, from the outside, the Catalan independence parties seem to be a monolith, the si…
Consensus against all odds: explaining the persistence of EU sanctions on Russia
2020
In response to Russia’s actions in Ukraine in 2014, the EU introduced sanctions on Moscow. Despite increasing polarisation among member states after imposition, the sanctions package was consistently renewed. How can sanctions persistence be explained? While scholarly accounts highlight German leadership, commitment to norms, and policymakers’ engagement, the EU’s ability to uphold the sanctions in the face of uneven support among member states remains puzzling. With the help of a two-level game framework, according to which actors make decisions based on the interplay between the domestic and international levels, we argue that the interaction between the Council and domestic politics help…
State–Religious Relationships in Ethiopia
2016
In this chapter, Steen-Johnsen depicts how the Ethiopian regime uses fear tactics in order to keep the religious peacebuilders in accordance with their political strategies. She presents rich empirical material describing how religious leaders engaged in peacebuilding fear sanctions if they do not adhere to the strategies of the regime. She finds that processes of securitization as well as historical patterns of state–religious interactions affect how political strategies are enacted in Ethiopia. She argues that these findings make a strong argument of considering how the enactment of political strategies influences the scope of opportunities of religious peacemakers.
Knowledge, perceived effectiveness and qualification of traffic rules, police supervision, sanctions and justice
2017
Road safety is a complex process that not only depends on technical and environmental improvements, but in a major part from human factors. In this sense, recent empirical studies have remarked the need to study the interaction between subject and laws, at the glance of several elements preceding road behavior. This is the case of attitudes, opinions and perceptions in the field of road safety, factors that influence the interaction with issues such as traffic rules, police supervision, penalties and justice in traffic. The objective of this study was to describe the self-rated knowledge and perceptions regarding traffic norms and its interaction with road safety among drivers. For this stu…