Search results for "Sarcopenia."
showing 10 items of 155 documents
Tomografía computarizada a nivel de C3 y dinamometría como técnicas de diagnóstico de sarcopenia en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello
2020
Introducción: Estudio piloto que determina el diagnóstico de sarcopenia mediante tomografía computarizada (TC) a nivel de la tercera vértebra cervical (C3) y dinamometría en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Comparación de la masa magra (MM) determinada mediante TC con técnicas clásicas de antropometría y dinamometría.Material y métodos: Se analizó la MM y el tejido adiposo mediante TC a nivel de C3 en 37 pacientes oncológicos mediante Unidades Hounsfield (UH). Posteriormente, se calculó el índice musculoesquelético (IME) y se determinó la fuerza prensora de mano para la determinación de sarcopenia. Por último, se comparó el IME mediante técnicas de valoración antropométrica clásica …
Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, and Aging Muscle
2014
Abstract Magnesium (Mg) deficiency, aside from having a negative impact on the energy production pathways required by the mitochondria to generate ATP, also reduces the threshold antioxidant capacity of the aging organism and its resistance to free-radical damage. Mg acts as an antioxidant against free radical damage of the mitochondria. Chronic Mg deficiency results in excessive production of oxygen-derived free radicals and low-grade inflammation. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress have been identified as pathogenic factors in several age-related conditions. Aging is often associated with Mg inadequacy, muscle loss, and sarcopenia. Although the importance of magnesium as a determin…
Sarcopenia and appendicular muscle mass as predictors of impaired fasting glucose/type 2 diabetes in elderly women
2021
Elderly women exhibit a high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but no definitive data exist about the possible role of postmenopausal increases in visceral adiposity, the loss of lean body mass, or decreases in the sum of the lean mass of arms and legs (appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM)). This retrospective, longitudinal study investigated whether body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis) predicted the development of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or T2D in a cohort of 159 elderly women (age: 71 ± 5 years, follow-up: 94 months) from southern Italy (Clinical Nutrition and Geriatric Units of the “Mater Domini” University Hospital in Catanzaro, Calabria region, and the “P. Giacco…
Aging of the musculoskeletal system: How the loss of estrogen impacts muscle strength.
2019
Skeletal muscle weakness occurs with aging and in females this is compounded by the loss of estrogen with ovarian failure. Estrogen deficiency mediates decrements in muscle strength from both inadequate preservation of skeletal muscle mass and decrements in the quality of the remaining skeletal muscle. Processes and components of skeletal muscle that are affected by estrogens are beginning to be identified. This review focuses on mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle force generation when estrogen is low in females, and conversely the maintenance of strength by estrogen. Evidence is accumulating that estrogen deficiency induces apoptosis in skeletal muscle contributing to loss of…
Body composition with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: from basics to new tools
2020
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in nowadays considered one of the most versatile imaging techniques for the evaluation of metabolic bone disorders such as osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity. The advantages of DXA over other imaging techniques are the very low radiation dose, its accuracy and simplicity of use. In addition, fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) values by DXA shows very good accuracy compared to that of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In this review we will explain the technical working principles of body composition with DXA, together with the possible limitations and pitfalls that should be avoided in daily routine to produce high-quality DXA examina…
Nutritional Status in Aging and Lung Disease
2016
Abstract Lung diseases exert a negative impact on nutritional status, especially among older patients where aging per se is already associated with relevant changes in nutrient intake, metabolism, and body composition. Both respiratory (increased respiratory work, hypoxia, and local oxidative stress and inflammation) and nonrespiratory (sarcopenia, reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and anabolic hormones, balance of orexigenic/anorexigenic neuropeptides, and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress) contribute to the association between lung diseases and malnutrition. For these reasons, nutritional assessments are of paramount importance in older patients with lung diseases. Current evidenc…
The biology of the metabolic syndrome and aging.
2015
Aging of the world population is a major contributor to the growing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, as older persons are frequently affected by the constellation of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors that constitute the syndrome. The metabolic syndrome has been related to the increasing prevalence of obesity, which is escalating even among older age groups. The present review covers data on the novel proposed biological mediators of the metabolic syndrome, which are as well linked to the aging process.Relevant biological mediators of metabolic syndrome and unhealthy aging include sarcopenic obesity, insulin resistance with ectopic fat accumulation, magnesium metabolism alterati…
Frailty and Sarcopenia in Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure
2021
In patients with cirrhosis, sarcopenia is a critical reduction in skeletal muscle mass and frailty represents a status of global physical dysfunction caused by under nutrition, muscle wasting, and functional impairment. Both are prevalent conditions in liver transplant candidates and have shown to be independent predictors of adverse outcome. Evidence supports their incorporation into clinical practice both as a prognostic factor guiding clinical decision making and as a tool to identify candidates for physical and nutritional interventions. The wide heterogeneity of instruments used for sarcopenia and frailty measurement, the absence of a single suitable instrument for sarcopenia and frail…
The Role of Imaging Biomarkers in the Assessment of Sarcopenia
2020
Background: The diagnosis of sarcopenia through clinical assessment has some limitations. The literature advises studies that include objective markers along with clinical assessment in order to improve the sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic criteria. The decrease of muscle quality precedes the loss of quantity, so we studied the role magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers as indicators of the quantity and quality of muscle in sarcopenia patients. Methods: a cross-sectional analysis was performed to analyze what MR-derived imaging parameters correlate better with sarcopenia diagnostic criteria in women of 70 years of age and over (independent walking and community-dwelling wom…
Home-Based Resistance Training for Older Subjects during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy: Preliminary Results of a Six-Months RCT.
2020
Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-month home-based resistance-training program on muscle health and physical performance in healthy older subjects during the unique condition of home confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. This was a randomized-controlled study that enrolled older participants that were allocated to either an experimental group performing the six-months exercise prescription (EXE) or a control group (CON). At the beginning (PRE), and after 6 months (POST), participants were assessed for muscle strength, balance, gait assessment and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Normality…