Search results for "Sativum"
showing 10 items of 117 documents
Genetic diversity of nodulated root structure and nitrogen nutrition in a core collection of pea
2013
Pea (Pisum sativum) is the third most important grain legume worldwide, and the increasing demand for protein-rich raw material for animal feed or human nutrition has led to a greater interest in this crop as a protein source. Moreover, legumes do not need nitrogen (N) fertilizers, thanks to their natural ability to use, as main N resource, the atmospheric N2 from symbiosis in nodules with Rhizobiaceae spp. However, N nutrition can still be a limiting factor of yield and seed quality in legumes because nodules are very sensitive to their local environment, in particular to nitrate, and root systems of N2 fixing legumes are poorly developed, which makes them unable to explore a large soil vo…
Diversité et déterminisme génétique de l’aptitude du pois protéagineux (Pisum sativum) à la culture associée avec le blé (Triticum aestivum).
2018
National audience; Les cultures en association avec des légumineuses sont aujourd’hui une des voies privilégiées pour développer une agriculture plus respectueuse de l’environnement. En effet, stabilisation de la qualité et de la productivité de la parcelle, diminution des apports azotés, meilleure gestion des adventices et pathogènes, meilleure nutrition des deux partenaires et augmentation de la diversité microbienne du sol sont autant de services éco-systémiques attendus vis-à-vis de ce type de culture. Cependant, peu de travaux ont porté sur l’aptitude génétique à l’association du pois avec d’autres espèces et notamment le blé, alors que nous disposons désormais d’outils de phénotypage …
Induced mutations in the TI1 gene encoding a major double-headed protease inhibitor in Pisum sativum L. can reduce significantly the inhibition of ta…
2013
BAP GEAPSI; International audience; Trypsin / chymotrypsin inhibitors in the seeds of many legume crop species are regarded as antinutritional proteins often leading to a requirement for heat-treatment of seed products prior to their use in feed. A TILLING resource developed in Pisum sativum L. (pea) was exploited to identify mutants in the major seed-expressed trypsin / chymotrypsin inhibitor gene, TI1, where the inhibition of either or both of the target enzymes may be reduced. Three lines with missense mutations in TI1, predicted to affect activity through alteration of (a) a conserved cysteine residue, (b) the P1′ serine within the active site of the chymotrypsin inhibitory domain or (c…
Identification des déterminants génétiques impliqués dans les défenses du pois contre le puceron Acyrthosiphon pisum.
2021
National audience; Le pois (Pisum sativum) constitue une culture d’importance majeure parmi les légumineuses pour ses qualités de plante protéagineuse, notamment en Europe en réduisant la part de protéines végétales importées ainsi que pour son rôle dans la rotation des cultures en fixant l’azote atmosphérique dans le sol. Cependant, ces dernières années, les rendements ont été rendus instables dus aux contraintes biotiques et abiotiques. Pour lutter contre certains ravageurs, les producteurs ont recours à de grandes quantités de pesticides qui sont coûteuses et dangereuses pour l’environnement et la santé humaine. Pour ces raisons, des alternatives sont mises en œuvre tels que le développe…
Fortes températures : conséquences sur le rendement, la composition et la germination des graines
2012
BAPGEAPSICT ?; absent
A holistic overview of the impact of sulfur deficiency in pea facing water deficit
2022
We report on the interplay between water deficit and sulfur deficiency, two constraints that are increasingly faced by crops due to climate change and low-input agricultural practices. In particular, we aim at better understanding the role of sulfur nutrition in the trade-off between seed quality establishment and plant stress tolerance in pea (Pisum sativum L.), a grain legume crop which has a pivotal role to play in both agroecological and food transitions. Like other legumes, pea is able to accumulate large amounts of seed proteins even in the absence of nitrogen fertilizers thanks to its symbiosis with N2-fixing soil bacteria. In this study, we deprived pea plants (cv. Caméor) of sulfur…
Implémentation et évaluation du modèle de culture de pois (Pisum sativum L.) AFISOL sous la plate-forme logicielle RECORD
2013
The pea crop is very beneficial since it fixes atmospheric nitrogen and protein source for animals as well as humans. To overcome the deficiency of performance which it suffers, research aims to develop new varieties tolerant to stress (biotic and abiotic). A numerical model of the functioning of the Pea "AFISOL" was designed in Excel. However, the model in EXCEL does not help the use of the model and its accessibility to a large number of people. The objective of this internship is: - To implement the model AFISOL in the platform modeling RECORD developed by INRA. This platform uses the VLE software based on C + + language. - To make a study of sensitivity analysis showing the effect of th…
Les pourritures racinaires du pois potager, caractérisation et biocontrôle du complexe parasitaire d’origine tellurique incluant Aphanomyces euteiches
2021
Pea root rots are a major concern for pea growing regions around the world. The disease is caused by a parasitic complex composed of many species of fungi and oomycetes of soil origin. In France, the main pathogen is the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches. The identity of the other components of the parasitic complex and their respective contributions to the disease have never been investigated. No means of control is currently available to effectively control the disease except for a predictive bioassay that is questioned by some users. However, this test allows the avoidance of infested plots, which limits the multiplication of the major pathogen A. euteiches in the soil. In this context, the…
Role of vacuolar sulfate in nutritional quality of pea seeds
2022
Grain legumes have a key role to play in both agroecological and food transitions. Indeed, these plants are able to accumulate large amounts of proteins in their seeds even in the absence of nitrogen fertilization thanks to symbiotic N2 fixation in the root nodules. However, legumes are exposed to abiotic stresses, including nutrient deficiencies, making it important to optimize nutrient use efficiency for maintaining seed protein content and quality. Seed protein quality refers to the ability of the seed proteins to meet the body’s requirements for essential amino acids. It strongly depends on the amino acid balance, which determines protein digestibility. In pea (Pisum sativum) seeds, met…
Role of vacuolar sulfate in the nutritional quality of pea seeds
2022
Legumes have a key role to play in both agroecological and food transitions due to their ability to accumulate large amountsof seed proteins without nitrogen fertilization thanks to symbiotic N2 fixation in the root nodules. However, in agroecologicalsystems, legumes are more exposed to nutrient deficiencies, including sulfur deficiency, than in conventional systems, makingit important to optimize nutrient use efficiency for maintain seed protein quality, in particular the level of (semi) essentialamino acids like methionine and cysteine. These sulfur-containing amino acids are synthetized through the sulfur metabolicpathway starting from sulfate reduction. Sulfate is taken up from the soil…