Search results for "Scanning"

EFFECT OF WATER ACTIVITY ON CRISPNESS OF BREAKFAST CEREALS

1991

Three breakfast cereals (two commercial products and one experimental product made by extrusion cooking) were placed over 10 saturated salt solutions in desiccators for 3 weeks and then studied by sensory and mechanical analysis. A slight decrease of sensory crispness intensity occurs between 0 and 0.50 (aw) or 7% (water content), after which there is a very rapid decrease. The value of critical water activity given by the intersection between the two straight lines which can be adjusted seems not to depend on the product. Moreover this value is confirmed by the mechanical analysis and, partially, by a Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis. There is a good correlation between sensory c…

Integrating Domain Knowledge in Data-Driven Earth Observation With Process Convolutions

2022

The modelling of Earth observation data is a challenging problem, typically approached by either purely mechanistic or purely data-driven methods. Mechanistic models encode the domain knowledge and physical rules governing the system. Such models, however, need the correct specification of all interactions between variables in the problem and the appropriate parameterization is a challenge in itself. On the other hand, machine learning approaches are flexible data-driven tools, able to approximate arbitrarily complex functions, but lack interpretability and struggle when data is scarce or in extrapolation regimes. In this paper, we argue that hybrid learning schemes that combine both approa…

Defects, Disorder, and Strong Electron Correlations in Orbital Degenerate, Doped Mott Insulators.

2015

We elucidate the effects of defect disorder and $e$-$e$ interaction on the spectral density of the defect states emerging in the Mott-Hubbard gap of doped transition-metal oxides, such as Y$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$VO$_{3}$. A soft gap of kinetic origin develops in the defect band and survives defect disorder for $e$-$e$ interaction strengths comparable to the defect potential and hopping integral values above a doping dependent threshold, otherwise only a pseudogap persists. These two regimes naturally emerge in the statistical distribution of gaps among different defect realizations, which turns out to be of Weibull type. Its shape parameter $k$ determines the exponent of the power-law dependence o…

Template-Based Fabrication of Nanometer-Scaled Actuators from Liquid-Crystalline Elastomers

2010

Synthesis of self-assembled mesoporous 3D In2O3 hierarchical micro flowers composed of nanosheets and their electrochemical properties

2018

This report describes the methodology for the fabrication of mesoporous In2O3 microflowers by hydrothermal and calcination procedures in which In(OH)3/In2S3 acts as an intermediate. Both In2O3 and its precursor were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. BET surface area, pore size and pore volume analyses were also carried out. Electron microscopy images clearly evidence the self-assembly of 2D nanosheets into the micro flower structure. The mechanism of self-assembly and calcination is reported. Electrochemical properties of the synthesized In2O3 micro flowers were studied.

Growth and characterization of horizontally suspended CNTs across TiN electrode gaps.

2010

A technique is proposed to grow horizontal carbon nanotubes (CNTs) bridging metal electrodes and to assess their electrical properties. A test structure was utilized that allows for selective electrochemical sidewall catalyst placement. The selectivity of the technique is based on the connection of the desired metal electrodes to the silicon substrate where the potential for electrochemical deposition was applied. Control over the Ni catalyst size (15-30 nm) and density (up to 3 x 10(11) particles cm(-2)) is demonstrated. Horizontal CNTs with controlled diameter and density were obtained by CVD growth perpendicular to the sidewalls of patterned TiN electrode structures. Electrode gaps with …

Multilevel pattern generation by GaN laser lithography: an application to beam shaper fabrication

2006

The new GaN lasers represent a unique combination of compactness, reliability, energy efficiency, and short wavelength. With respect to the previous state of the art in direct laser write lithography, based on gas lasers, this is resulting in a breakthrough, and is opening the way to real desktop micropatterning. The field of diffractive optics can immediately benefit by the availability of a new breed of pattern generators, based on such sources, mainly for fast turnaround device development. This paper presents the technical advantages involved in the use of 405 nm GaN lasers for one-step multilevel patterning. Beam modulation, exposure control and overall process strategy are discussed. …

The effect of composite resin preheating on marginal adaptation of class II restorations

2020

Background One of the problems with a high filler content composite resins is gap formation at restorative material-tooth interface. The present study investigated the effect of preheating composite resins on the formation of marginal gap in Cl II restorations. Material and Methods In this in vitro study Sixty Cl II cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces of 30 extracted premolar teeth. The gingival floor of cavities was placed 1 m below the CEJ. The samples were randomly allocated to 4 groups for restoration placement: group 1, Filtek P60 composite resin at room temperature; group 2, Filtek P60 composite resin at 68°C; group 3, X-tra fil composite resin at room temperature…

Abrupt elastic-to-plastic transition in pentagonal nanowires under bending

2019

MD modeling and calculations were supported by Russian Science Foundation project grant 18-19-00645 “Adhesion of polymer-based soft materials: from liquid to solid”; mechanical testing and FEM simulations were supported by Estonian Research Council projects PUT1689 and PUT1372.

Material properties of various intraocular lenses in an experimental study.

2002

<i>Introduction:</i> With the recent introduction of small-incision cataract surgery, requirements for intraocular lens (IOL) flexibility, strength and hydrophilicity have rapidly evolved. The IOL surface, however, remains a critical factor influencing uveal biocompatibility. <i>Purpose:</i> To objectively quantify factors of material properties of various IOLs using contact angle measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic-mechanical measurements and scanning electron microscopy. <i>Material and Methods:</i> In our study, 17 currently available IOLs were investigated using contact angle measurements to assess hydrophilicity and biocompatibil…