Search results for "Sclerosis"

Modeling a Complex Disease

2011

The recent decades have shown that multiple sclerosis (MS) is not a uniform disease entity with common etiology, but rather a disease or syndrome characterized by a heterogeneous pattern of manifestations and pathological principles. Apart from the older distinctions of the Devic's disease from the standard Western form of relapsing remitting MS or the more Asian form of opticospinal MS, specific pathological patterns indicating distinct etiologies have been established by analyses of biopsies and autopsies. Further, the distinct responses of patients to drugs targeting either specific cell types or immunoregulatory mechanisms such as Rituximab or IFNβ clearly demonstrate the heterogeneity …

Obstructive Malformations of the Internal Jugular Vein

2021

Obstructive malformations of the internal jugular veins represent a relatively new clinical problem, which as of yet has not been fully understood. In normal subjects, the internal jugular vein is valveless, except for a single valve, situated just above the junction of this vein with the brachiocephalic vein. Usually, normal jugular valves exhibit a two-leaflet structure. Stenotic lesions of these veins were described for the first time in 2009 in a group of multiple sclerosis patients. The most common obstructive malformation of the internal jugular vein is a stenotic valve. There are several morphological types of such aberrant valves, comprising annular stenoses, valves with fused, reve…

Heat Shock Proteins in Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis: Friend or Foe?

2015

Multiple Sclerosis is a complex chronic inflammatory, neurodegenerative disease conditioned by genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Main pathological features of MS include areas of focal demyelination of white matter characterized by gliosis, neuron and oligodendrocyte loss. Neurodegenerative as well as immune-mediated processes play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. One of these immunogenic factors could be represented by the heat shock proteins. HSP exhibit cytoprotective and cytostimulatory effects due to their molecular chaperones role, in many brain model misfolding diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, whereas still no unambiguous results have bee…

Hype and Hopes of Stem Cell Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2017

Hope from the regeneration promoting effects of stem cells have provided new insights for understanding diseases that were previously thought to have a limited prognostic improvement upon medical intervention. This is especially indicated in neurodegenerative diseases, which until the discovery and research in stem cells were thought to have minimal regenerative capabilities. This review covers various treatment modalities involving different types of stem cells, such as human embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells, which have been tested for various neurodegenerative disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parki…

An exploration of anger phenomenology in multiple sclerosis

2009

Background and purpose:  Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are often emotionally disturbed. We investigated anger in these patients in relation to demographic, clinical, and mood characteristics. Patients and methods:  About 195 cognitively unimpaired MS patients (150 relapsing–remitting and 45 progressive) were evaluated with the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Chicago Multiscale Depression Inventory, and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. The patients’ anger score distribution was compared with that of the normal Italian population. Correlation coefficients among scale scores were calculated and mean anger scores were compared across different groups of patients by analysis of …

Models for Assessing Anxiety and Depression in Multiple Sclerosis: from Mouse to Man

2021

Translational Aspects of Immunotherapeutic Targets in Multiple Sclerosis

2021

B cells assume the command

2015

A proinflammatory B cell cytokine activates autoimmunity, and B cell depletion treats multiple sclerosis (Li et al., this issue).

Efectos vasculares de las nanopartículas de óxido de cerio en la vena safena humana

2022

Las nanopartículas de óxido de cerio (CeO2NPs) podrían tener un futuro prometedor como nanomaterial de uso médico debido a su poder antioxidante y su alta biocompatibilidad, entre otras características. Sin embargo, sus efectos en el sistema cardiovascular están poco estudiados y es por ello que, en la presente tesis nos centramos en el estudio de las CeO2NPs a nivel vascular, utilizando segmentos de vena safena interna humana. Nuestra hipótesis es que las CeO2NPs podrían tener propiedades antioxidantes a nivel vascular, especialmente por actuar como miméticas de la superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y disminuir los niveles del anión superóxido (.O2 ). Esto aumentaría la biodisponibilidad de óxido …

Marcadores de inflamación e insulinorresistencia en la hiperlipemia familiar combinada

2014

La hiperlipemia familiar combinada (HFC) es un modelo genético de dislipemia mixta con resistencia a la insulina (RI) y elevado riesgo de cardiopatía isquémica por el desarrollo precoz de arteriosclerosis. La RI es independiente del grado de obesidad y del fenotipo lipoproteico. Constituye, además, factor de riesgo cardiovascular en estos pacientes. Actualmente existe una gran evidencia de que en el desarrollo y progresión de la aterosclerosis subyacen mecanismos inmunológicos e inflamatorios. Algunos estudios han demostrado que proteínas de fase aguda y algunas interleucinas fueron factores predictivos de progresión y gravedad de enfermedad coronaria. Recientemente, en modelos animales y h…