Search results for "Scrophularia"
showing 10 items of 32 documents
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS, MINERAL NUTRIENTS, BIOMASS, AND CARDENOLIDE PRODUCTION INDIGITALIS OBSCURAWILD POPULATIONS
2002
Mature leaves of wild-growing Digitalis obscura plants and soil samples were collected in four different regions. Soil and leaf mineral nutrient contents as well as biomass and cardenolide productions were determined. The soils in the four collection sites, basic and highly calcareous, showed significant interpopulation differences in phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Foliar mineral nutrients and cardenolides also varied among populations. Highest cardenolide yield was found in those Digitalis populations presenting a better development. The cardenolide content exhibited significant negative correlations with the levels …
Novedades taxonómicas y nomenclaturales para la flora valenciana, II
2010
Continuando con la actualización taxonómica y nomenclatural de la flora valenciana, se proponen diez combinaciones nuevas y un nombre nuevo para táxones y nototáxones que crecen en el Mediterráneo occidental. Además, se designa un epitipo para Sideritis × angustifolia Lag., híbrido sobre cuya identidad ha existido gran controversia, y un lectotipo para Globularia linifolia Lam. Del mismo modo, se discute la citación correcta del lugar y fecha de publicación de cuatro táxones más. Taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties concerning the Valencian flora (eastern Spain), II: As a part of the taxonomical and nomenclatural update of vascular flora of the Valencian Community, ten new combinations and…
Inhibition of the pro-inflammatory mediators' production and anti-inflammatory effect of the iridoid scrovalentinoside.
2007
We have studied scrovalentinoside, an iridoid with anti-inflammatory properties isolated from Scrophularia auriculata ssp. pseudoauriculata, as an anti-inflammatory agent in different experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity. We found that scrovalentinoside reduced the edema induced by oxazolone at 0.5 mg/ear and sheep red blood cells at 10 mg/kg. The observed effect occurred during the last phase or inflammatory response; during the earlier phase or induction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, no significant activity was noted. Thus, scrovalentinoside reduced both the edema and cell infiltration in vivo and reduced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, affecting the cy…
Digitalis obscura cardenolides. Effect of macronutrient concentration and N source on growth and productivity of shoot-tip cultures
1997
Abstract Changes in nutrient medium formulation in terms of major salt concentration or N source significantly modified cardenolide production by Digitalis obscura (genotype T4) shoot-tip cultures. A positive correlation between morphogenetic responses, culture growth, and proliferative capacity on one side and metabolite biosynthesis on the other cannot be established. The final stages of microprogation, rooting, and acclimatization of D. obscura were improved by using paclobutrazol.
Seasonal cardenolide production and Dop5βr gene expression in natural populations of Digitalis obscura
2004
Productivity variations and seasonal fluctuations of cardenolides have been studied in 10 natural populations of Digitalis obscura distributed in three bioclimatic belts. Main cardenolides in D. obscura plants are those of the series A and such predominance (ca. 80-85%) over the series B metabolites is independent of the population studied or the degree of maturity of the leaves. Primary glycosides represent ca. 50-60% of total cardenolides; this percentage did not vary among populations or with the leaf age but increased in summer and decreased in winter. A correlation analysis between plant biomass and cardenolide content showed a positive relationship of these parameters, which, accordin…
Anti-inflammatory glycoterpenoids from Scrophularia auriculata.
2000
The activity of the four glycoterpenoids: two saponins, verbascosaponin A and verbascosaponin, and two iridoids, scropolioside A and scrovalentinoside, isolated from Scrophularia auriculata ssp. pseudoauriculata, were studied in different models of acute and chronic inflammation. Both saponins significantly inhibited the mouse paw edema induced by carrageenan and ear edema induced by single and multiple doses of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Verbascosaponin A showed a potency twice as high as that of indomethacin in the acute TPA model. Verbascosaponin A and scropolioside A were active after a long latency period against ethyl phenylpropiolate edema, as are glucocorticoids. Wh…
Cryopreservation of Digitalis obscura selected genotypes by encapsulation-dehydration
2001
Shoot-tips from several genotypes of the cardenolide-producing perennial shrub Digitalis obscura L. were successfully cryopreserved using the encapsulation-dehydration technique. Precultivation on MS medium containing 0.5 M sucrose, followed by 2.5 h dehydration (final weight 30 %) induced shoot regrowth in 42 % of cryopreserved shoot-tips. Cold-hardening of the in vitro cultures before sucrose treatment dramatically increased shoot recovery up to 86 %. The optimized cryopreservation protocol was then employed using different shoot cultures from five D. obscura genotypes. Responses to cryopreservation depended mainly on the genotype, best results being obtained when shoot tips from HU3 and …
Somatic embryogenesis from hypocotyl callus cultures of Digitalis obscura L.
1986
Hypocotyl-derived calli obtained in agar solidified medium with several growth regulator combinations gave rise to proembryonal masses and globular embryos when transferred to liquid media with lower growth regulator and higher NH4HO3 levels. By transferring cultures from liquid media to different solidified media, new embryo formation took place, but further development of these embryos or those previously induced depended on the characteristics of these media. Normal development was only achieved on 8 g/l agar solidified medium without growth regulators. Typical cotyledonary embryos developed into whole plants when transferred to this same medium.
The effect of host mycorrhizal status on host plant-parasitic plant interactions
2001
Two pot experiments were conducted to examine three-level interactions between host plants, mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic plants. In a greenhouse experiment, Poa annua plants were grown in the presence or absence of an AM fungus (either Glomus lamellosum V43a or G. mosseae BEG29) and in the presence or absence of a root hemiparasitic plant (Odontites vulgaris). In a laboratory experiment, mycorrhizal infection (Glomus claroideum BEG31) of Trifolium pratense host plants (mycorrhizal versus non-mycorrhizal) was combined with hemiparasite infection (Rhinanthus serotinus) of the host (parasitized versus non-parasitized). Infection with the two species of Glomus had no significant effect on th…
Effects of intensity and duration of infection by a hemiparasitic plant, Rhinanthus serotinus, on growth and reproduction of a perennial grass, Agros…
1999
Arising from annual variation in parasitic plant population densities, substantial yearly changes may occur in the parasitic load of an individual perennial host. We conducted two two-year greenhouse pot experiments to examine the effects of varying intensities and duration of infection by an annual root hemiparasitic plant, Rhinanthus serotinus, on the growth and reproduction of its perennial host grass, Agrostis capillaris. In the first experiment, one host plant was growing either alone or under a load of 1 or 3 root hemiparasitic plants for one growing season, and during the next season all hosts continued their life free of hemiparasites. In the second experiment, the host plants eithe…