Search results for "Sea level"

Influence of Training Load on Mood Disturbance at Sea Level and 3900 m Altitude: A Case Study of a Wheelchair Athlete

2018

The purpose of this case study was to investigate the influence of a training load (TL), oxygen saturation (SO2) and blood pressure (BP) on mood states in a wheelchair marathoner during (7 weeks at sea level (SL), 5 weeks at 3860 m altitude, 1 week returning to SL). TL was obtained with Foster’s equation while mood states were obtained with the Profile of Mood States Questionnaire (POMS). Furthermore, SO2 and BP were assessed upon wakening. SO2 (%) decreased at altitude, compared to SL (88.31 ± 2.46 vs. 98.52 ± 0.11) and increased until the last week at altitude (92.64 ± 1.12). Systolic pressure (SP) increased at altitude compared to pre-altitude (126.0 ± 5…

Late Miocene turnover in the Spanish mammal record in relation to palaeoclimate and the Messinian Salinity Crisis

2006

Abstract The latest Miocene and earliest Pliocene is a period of marked changes in geography and climate in the circum-Mediterranean area. Its geographical situation gives Spain a key position, and its fossil mammal record reflects these important geographical and climatic changes particularly well. The Spanish mammal record shows a gradual change of composition towards the typical Pleistocene and recent fauna, marked by several extinction and dispersal events. These events have the effect that northern Eurasian elements increase, while taxa that locally go extinct may live on in tropical areas. Superposed on this large scale trend, there are some events of short lived incursions of animals…

Machine‐Learning Based Reconstructions of Past Regional Sea Level Variability From Proxy Data

2021

Primary productivity variability on the Atlantic Iberian Margin over the last 70,000 years: Evidence from coccolithophores and fossil organic compoun…

2010

[1] This study analyzes coccolithophore abundance fluctuations (e.g., Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa specimens, and Florisphaera profunda) in core MD01-2444 sediment strata retrieved at the Iberian Margin, northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Coccolithophores are calcareous nannofossils, a major component of the oceanic phytoplankton, which provide information about past ecological and climatological variability. Results are supported by data on fossil organic compounds (sea surface temperatures, alkenones, and n-hexacosan-1-ol index) and geochemical analyses (benthic δ13Ccc and planktonic δ18Occ isotopes). Three scenarios are taken into account for this location at centennial-scale resolution ove…

A new marker for sea surface temperature trend during the last centuries in temperate areas: Vermetid reef

2004

The presence of Vermetid reefs in temperate waters, their diffusion in the Mediterranean Sea, and the possibility of performing 14 C ages allowed the use of Vermetids as an indicator of sea level changes. We present new data on sea climate trend fluctuations that could be interpreted as Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variations, recorded on Vermetid (Dendropoma petraeum) reefs, by means of isotopic analysis. The isotopic records show positive values of the d 18 O relative to present-day values in the period between 1600 and 1850 AD; this deviation occurs in association with the climatic cooling event known as Little Ice Age (LIA). Subsequently, we can observe the warming trend that character…

Validation of a very simple model for computing global solar radiation in the European, African, Asian and North American areas

1990

Abstract In a previous paper Coppolino has proposed a very simple model for predicting the monthly mean daily global solar radiation G (MJm −2 day −1 ) at any Italian location using as input only the sunshine duration s (hours) and the noon altitude of the sun on the 15th of the month h n (degrees). The correlation suggested is G = 7.8 s 0.5 (sin h n ) 1.15 . Herein the validity of this model is verified by extending its application to dat from 24 stations displaced at various latitudes, altitudes above sea level and geographical situations in the European, African, Asian and North American areas. Furthermore the validity of this model to fit the data of the tested stations is compared with…

Timing of the emergence of the Europe-Sicily bridge (40-17 cal ka BP) and its implications for the spread of modern humans

2014

The submerged sill in the Strait of Messina, which is located today at a minimum depth of 81 m below sea level (bsl), represents the only land connection between Sicily and mainland Italy (and thus Europe) during the last lowstand when the sea level locally stood at about 126 m bsl. Today, the sea crossing to Sicily, although it is less than 4 km at the narrowest point, faces hazardous sea conditions, made famous by the myth of Scylla and Charybdis. Through a multidisciplinary research project, we document the timing and mode of emergence of this land connection during the last 40 kyr. The integrated analysis takes into consideration morphobathymetric and lithological data, and relative sea…

Spatial and temporal patterns of throughfall quantity and quality in a tropical montane forest in Ecuador

2007

Summary In forests, complex canopy processes control the change in volume and chemical composition of rain water. We hypothesize that (i) spatial patterns, (ii) the temporal stability of spatial patterns, and (iii) the temporal course of solute concentrations can be used to explore these processes. The study area at 1950 m above sea level in the south Ecuadorian Andes is far away from anthropogenic emission sources and marine influences. It received ca. 2200 mm of rain annually. We collected rain and throughfall on an event and within-event basis for five precipitation periods between August and October 2005 at up to 25 sites and analyzed the samples for pH and concentrations of K, Na, Ca, …

Oxygen isotope composition of natural waters in the Mt. Etna area

2004

Oxygen isotopes of both rainwater and groundwater samples from Mt Etna were used to obtain information on recharge areas, flow paths, and the origin of wet air masses. Oxygen isotope composition was determined in rainwater samples collected for a period of 3 years (October 1997– October 2000), in 11 rain-gauges distributed along the flanks of Mt Etna from sea level to 2900 m of altitude. Values ranged from 213.8 to þ 1.9‰, the lowest values being measured at higher altitudes and/or during cooler periods. For rain-gauges located from sea level up to 1000 m altitude, volume weighted values defined an isotopic gradient of 22.7‰/km, which is in the range observed in the Mediterranean area. High…

A new model for estimating diffuse solar radiation in Italy from clearness index and minimum air mass

1990

The aim of this study is: (a) to propose a new simple model for estimating the monthly mean daily diffuse radiation D, MJ m−2 day−1, using as input only the clearness index Kt and minimum air mass and (b) to develop a map of diffuse solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface in Italy. The correlation herein suggested is D = 5.6 Kt−0.55 (sin hn)1.58 where hn is the noon altitude of the sun on the 15th of the month, in degrees, and Kt = G/H0; G and H0 are the monthly mean daily global and extraterrestrial solar radiation respectively. This equation is applied to Adrano, Palermo, Macerata and Genova stations, provided with measured data of global and diffuse radiation, and the relative c…