Search results for "Sedatives"
showing 10 items of 41 documents
Propofol sedation reduces diaphragm activity in spontaneously breathing patients: ultrasound assessment.
2017
BACKGROUND: The diaphragm is the most important respiratory muscle in humans, and the close relationship between inspired volume and diaphragmatic movement in normal subjects has led to investigations into diaphragmatic activity using ultrasound, during spontaneous breathing and sedative drug infusion. METHODS: A total of 36 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic procedures under deep propofol sedation were studied. Ultrasound measurements included the following: diaphragmatic thickening end-inspiration (TEI) and endexpiration (TEE). Diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF) was calculated from [(TEI TEE) / TEE] at various time points (at T0 basal; at T1 during propofol infusion; at T2 aw…
Determination of propofol by GC/MS and fast GC/MS-TOF in two cases of poisoning
2017
Two cases of suspected acute and lethal intoxication caused by propofol were delivered by the judicial authority to the Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care in Palermo, Sicily. In the first case a female nurse was found in a hotel room, where she lived with her mother; four 10 mg/mL vials and two 20 mg/mL vials of propofol were found near the decedent along with syringes and needles. In the second case a male nurse was found in the operating room of a hospital, along with a used syringe. In both cases a preliminary systematic and toxicological analysis indicated the presence of propofol in the blood and urine. As a result, a method for the quantitative determina…
Distinguishing the efficacy and sedative effects of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity diso…
2019
The present study investigated whether symptom reduction in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with guanfacine extended release (GXR) can be explained by sedative effects of the medication. Data from four double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials of GXR monotherapy (1-7 mg/day; morning administration) in children (aged 6-12 years) and adolescents (aged 13-17 years) with ADHD were analyzed post hoc. Two studies used forced-dose titration and two used flexible-dose titration. Efficacy was determined using ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) scores. Sedative treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) included somnolence, sedati…
Modification of depressant and disinhibitory action of flurazepam during short term treatment in the rat
1972
Employing a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement (temporal discrimination), alternated punished (fixed-ratio) and unpunished (variable-ratio) schedules of reinforcement, a Conditioned Avoidance Response, and studying its interaction with Pentobarbital on general anaesthesia, it has been shown that flurazepam hydrochloride after a single treatment induces very intense depressant effects and slight disinhibitory effects. Short term treatment at longer than daily intervals reduces the depressant effect and unmasks the disinhibitory effect. The phenomenon is probably caused by selective tolerance concerning the depressant action. The results are discussed from the point of view of the signi…
Propofol Impairs Neurogenesis and Neurologic Recovery and Increases Mortality Rate in Adult Rats After Traumatic Brain Injury*
2013
Objective: Limited data are available on the influence of sedation for critical care therapy with the widely used anesthetic propofol on recovery from acute traumatic brain injury. To establish the influence of propofol on endogenous neurogenesis and functional recovery after traumatic brain injury, rats were sedated with propofol either during or 2 hours after experimental traumatic brain injury. Design: Randomized controlled animal study. Setting: University research laboratory. Subjects: One hundred sixteen male Sprague Dawley rats. Interventions: Mechanical brain lesion by controlled cortical impact. Measurements and Main Results: This study investigated the dose-dependent influence of …
Water Infusion for Cecal Intubation Increases Patient Tolerance, but Does Not Improve Intubation of Unsedated Colonoscopies
2011
Background & Aims Several studies have indicated that water infusion, instead of air insufflation, enhances cecal intubation in selected patients undergoing unsedated colonoscopy. We performed a prospective, randomized, controlled trial to investigate whether the water technique increases the proportion of patients that are able to complete unsedated colonoscopy. Methods We analyzed data from 116 consecutive outpatients who were willing to start colonoscopy without sedation; 58 were each randomly assigned to groups given water infusion or air insufflation during the insertion phase. Sedation and analgesia were administered on demand. Results Fewer patients requested sedation in the water gr…
Combination of open field and elevated plus-maze: a suitable test battery to assess strain as well as treatment differences in rat behavior.
1998
Abstract 1. 1. A test battery consisting of a standard open field, an enriched open field and an elevated plus maze was used to study behavior in rats. 2. 2. Male rats of the strains PVG/OlaHsd (PVG) and Sprague-Dawely-Hsd (SPRD) (150–200g body wt) were used to assess interstrain differences as well as handling effects. In a subsequent experiment an other set of male PVG rats (150–200g body wt) treated either with diazepam or zolpidem was used to evaluate the test battery for pharmacological purposes. 3. 3. SPRD rats displayed higher motor activity levels and also higher levels of exploratory behavior than the PVG rats. In contrast plus-maze activity indicated more anxiety of SPRD than PVG …
Elimination kinetics of the novel prodrug cinazepam possessing psychotropic activity in mice.
2011
Abstract The kinetics of excretion of the novel tranquilizer cinazepam (3-hydroxy-7-bromo-5-( ortho -chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,4-benzdiazepin-2-one hemisuccinate (I)) in mice after a single administration and different schemes of multiple administration were determined. Mass balance was studied daily in excretions of mice (feces and urine) for 5-10 days. We observed that monoexponen-tial renal excretion of 14 C-cinazepam and its metabolites predominated with all dosage regimens. Cinazepam and its metabolites were almost fully (> 90%) eliminated in urine and feces over the period of study (5-10 days), which means that no significant accumulation of the drug in the body occurred. The kin…
Inhaled isoflurane via the anaesthetic conserving device versus propofol for sedation of invasively ventilated patients in intensive care units in Ge…
2021
Summary Background Previous studies indicate that isoflurane could be useful for the sedation of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), but prospective studies evaluating isoflurane's efficacy have been small. The aim of this study was to test whether the sedation with isoflurane was non-inferior to sedation with propofol. Methods This phase 3, randomised, controlled, open-label non-inferiority trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of up to 54 h of isoflurane compared with propofol in adults (aged ≥18 years) who were invasively ventilated in ICUs in Germany (21 sites) and Slovenia (three sites). Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to isoflurane inhalation via the Sedaconda anaesthet…
Assessment and treatment of the withdrawal syndrome in paediatric intensive care units
2020
Background: Sedoanalgesia secondary iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) in paediatric intensive units is frequent and its assessment is complex. Therapies are heterogeneous, and there is currently no gold standard method for diagnosis. In addition, the assessment scales validated in children are scarce. This paper aims to identify and describe both the paediatric diagnostic and assessment tools for the IWS and the treatments for the IWS in critically ill paediatric patients. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. This review included descriptive and observational studies published since 2000 that analyzed paediatric scales for the evaluation of the i…