Search results for "Sem"

Lost in translation : implementing personal assistance in an East Asian context

2023

Since 2012, Taiwanese citizens with disabilities have been entitled to personal assistance from local authorities. To explore current features of personal assistance and barriers to its implementation, and distinguish it from homecare services, 33 disabled people and 12 staff members representing 10 local authorities in Taiwan were interviewed. Findings indicate that disabled people prefer personal assistance to homecare and perceive that relationships with their families have improved since the availability of personal assistance. However, many users’ needs are unmet due to insufficient hours of service and costly co-payments. Results also show that development of personal assistance has b…

Vammaisen kansalaisasema : työ vammaisen kansalaisaseman määrittelemisessä 1960- ja 70-lukujen sekä 1990- ja 2000-lukujen vaihteessa

2004

Itsemääräämisoikeus vanhusten palveluasumisessa : etnografinen tutkimus asukkaiden kokemuksista osallistua omaan arkeensa

2011

TIIVISTELMÄ Väestön ikääntyminen on aikaansaanut vanhuspalvelujen palvelurakenteiden muutoksen. Kuntien järjestämä kotihoito ja tehostettu palveluasuminen ovat korvaamassa tavallisen palveluasumisen sekä sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon vanhusten laitoshoitoa. Vanhusten arkea palvelutaloissa on tutkittu itsemääräämisoikeuden valossa, ja sen toteutumisen on todettu olevan pääosin vähäistä, mutta vahvistavan vanhusten elämänlaatua ja terveyttä. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on kuvata erikuntoisten palvelutaloasukkaiden kokemuksia itsemääräämisoikeudestaan omassa arjessaan. Tutkimuskohteena oli itäsuomalaisen kaupungin palvelutalo. Tutkimus tehtiin etnografisella tutkimusotteella. Aineistona kä…

Elä ja anna toisten kuolla? : itsemurhan oikeutus kysymyksenä yksilönvapauksista ja -oikeuksista

2015

Tämä tutkielma käsittelee kysymystä itsemurhan moraalisesta oikeutuksesta. Tutkielman pääasiallisena tarkoituksena on lähestyä aihetta libertarismiin kuuluvien oikeus- ja vapauskäsityksien kautta, joissa omasta kuolemastaan päättäminen nähdään henkilön luonnollisten moraalioikeuksien jatkumona. Tällaista libertaaria positiota problematisoidaan paitsi libertarismin yleisen kritiikin, myös elämän arvon, persoonan arvokkuuden, ja ihmisen velvollisuuksien itseä ja muita ihmisiä kohtaan kautta. Itsemurhan oikeutusta vastaan käytetyt klassiset argumentit ovat problematisoinnissa keskeisiä. Tutkielman ensimmäisessä luvussa käsitellään itsemurhasta käytettyä kieltä ja pohditaan, miten itsemurhan et…

Assembled policies : the Finnish case of restricted entitlement to early childhood education and care

2019

In this article, we utilize an application of Deleuze and Quattari’s (1987) concept of assemblage to explore and better understand the interconnectedness and materiality of the policies of early childhood education and care (ECEC). To exemplify how directing our focus to assemblages can further the understanding of policies in the everyday life of families, we will present a Finnish case of entitlement to ECEC. Since 1996, children under school age have enjoyed the entitlement to full-day ECEC provided by local authorities. In 2016, the Finnish parliament enforced new legislation that allows municipalities to limit this entitlement to 20 hours per week unless the child’s parents work or stu…

Socioeconomic and attitudinal differences between service users of private and public early childhood education and care in the Finnish context

2023

The marketisation and privatisation of welfare services such as early childhood education and care (ECEC) have been a global trend in recent decades. Earlier research suggests that market-based ECEC provision often leads to inequalities and stratification of service users. In Finland, as in other Nordic countries where provision of ECEC has traditionally been a public responsibility, ECEC services have also been undergoing marketisation and privatisation. Until now, especially in Finland, little has been known about service users of public and private ECEC or parental decisions between public and private ECEC. This study addresses that gap by showing that the clientele of private and public…

Laulu raikaa ja soitto soi kodeissa kartoitus alle 2-vuotiaiden musiikillisesta ympäristöstä ja harrastuksista

2009

Aposematism in the burying beetle? Dual function of anal fluid in parental care and chemical defence

2017

Burying beetles (Nicrophorus vespilloides) bear distinctive and variable orange-black patterning on their elytra and produce an anal exudate from their abdomen when threatened. During breeding, the anal exudates contribute to the antimicrobial defence of the breeding resource. We investigated whether the anal exudates also provide a responsive chemical defence, which is advertised to potential avian predators by the beetle’s orange and black elytral markings. We found that that the orange-black elytral markings of the burying beetle are highly conspicuous for avian predators against range of backgrounds, by using computer simulations. Using bioassays with wood ants, we also showed that the …

Colour alone matters : no predator generalization among morphs of an aposematic moth

2018

Local warning colour polymorphism, frequently observed in aposematic organisms, is evolutionarily puzzling. This is because variation in aposematic signals is expected to be selected against due to predators' difficulties associating several signals with a given unprofitable prey. One possible explanation for the existence of such variation is predator generalization, which occurs when predators learn to avoid one form and consequently avoid other sufficiently similar forms, relaxing selection for monomorphic signals. We tested this hypothesis by exposing the three different colour morphs of the aposematic wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis, existing in Finland to local wild-caught predato…

The price of safety: food deprivation in early life influences the efficacy of chemical defence in an aposematic moth

2018

Aposematism is the combination of a primary signal with a secondary defence that predators must learn to associate with one another. However, variation in the level of defence, both within and between species, is very common. As secondary defences influence individual fitness, this variation in quality and quantity requires an evolutionary explanation, particularly as it may or may not correlate with variation in primary signals. The costs of defence production are expected to play a considerable role in generating this variation, yet studies of the cost of chemical defence have focused on species that sequester their defences, while studies in species that produce them de novo are scarce. …