Search results for "Sensitization"

Does sensitization through the skin occur?

2000

The Role of Interleukin 10 in the Regulation of Allergic Immune Responses

2001

Several clinical studies and animal models have shown that Th2 lymphocytes play a key role in the pathophysiology of IgE-mediated allergic immune responses like allergic rhinitis and asthma or venom anaphylaxis. Classical specific immunotherapy (SIT) that has been proven to be clinically effective can serve as a role model for immunological changes that are associated with amelioration of allergic diseases. During SIT, the Th2-dominated immune response is modified towards a Th1 response leading to a decline in allergen-specific IgE and an increase in allergen-specific IgG production. Most importantly, however, production of the immunosuppressive/-regulatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) i…

Exhaled nitric oxide, total serum IgE and allergic sensitization in childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis

2005

Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) levels are correlated with several markers of atopy and inflammatory activity in the airways, but the relationship between eNO and total serum IgE has not been fully elucidated in the context of allergic sensitization. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between eNO, total serum IgE and allergic sensitization in childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis. eNO levels, lung function, skin prick tests and total serum IgE were determined in 109 children (mean age, 10.4 yr) with mild intermittent asthma and in 41 children (mean age, 10.1 yr) with allergic rhinitis; 25 healthy non-atopic children were recruited as controls. eNO levels (median) were sig…

Physiological Effects of Hyperthermia

1987

Hyperthermia as a modality for the treatment of malignant tumors, either alone or in combination with radiation or anticancer drugs, is rapidly becoming a clinical reality. Three different mechanisms of action have provided the rationale for considering the use of hyperthermia as an antitumor agent. At moderate hyperthermia (T=40˚ -42.5˚ C), heat can increase cell killing in a synergistic way following exposure of a tumor to ionizing radiation. This radiosensitization is probably based on, among other things, the inhibited repair of radiation-induced DNA lesions. Elevated tissue temperatures at 40˚ -42.5˚ C also sensitize tumor cells to certain chemotherapeutic drugs, particularly to alkyla…

DNA Methylation and Non-Coding RNAs during Tissue-Injury Associated Pain.

2022

While about half of the population experience persistent pain associated with tissue damages during their lifetime, current symptom-based approaches often fail to reduce such pain to a satisfactory level. To provide better patient care, mechanism-based analgesic approaches must be developed, which necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the nociceptive mechanism leading to tissue injury-associated persistent pain. Epigenetic events leading the altered transcription in the nervous system are pivotal in the maintenance of pain in tissue injury. However, the mechanisms through which those events contribute to the persistence of pain are not fully understood. This review provides a summar…

Prophylactic and therapeutic intervention in IgE responses by biolistic DNA vaccination primarily targeting dendritic cells.

2005

Background Allergen gene transfer represents an alternative approach to specific immunotherapy with allergen extracts. Gene gun–mediated DNA immunization with plasmid vectors expressing a transgene under control of the promoter of the fascin gene (pFascin) allows for antigen production predominantly by dendritic cells and resulted in the generation of CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes as well as in the development of a type 1 immune response. Objective We compared the in vivo efficiency of biolistic transfection with pFascin and plasmids containing the cytomegalovirus promoter (pCMV) in a mouse model of type I allergy. Methods BALB/c mice were sensitized with the model allergen β-galactosidase …

Genetic Variation Determines Mast Cell Functions in Experimental Asthma

2011

Abstract Mast cell-deficient mice are a key for investigating the function of mast cells in health and disease. Allergic airway disease induced as a Th2-type immune response in mice is employed as a model to unravel the mechanisms underlying inception and progression of human allergic asthma. Previous work done in mast cell-deficient mouse strains that otherwise typically mount Th1-dominated immune responses revealed contradictory results as to whether mast cells contribute to the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation. However, a major contribution of mast cells was shown using adjuvant-free protocols to achieve sensitization. The identification of a traceable ge…

Prevention of long-term IgE antibody production by gene gun-mediated DNA vaccination.

2004

Background Vaccination with allergen-encoding DNA represents a promising approach for the treatment of allergic diseases. Objective In a mouse model of type I allergy, we analyzed the ability of biolistic transfection to inhibit antigen-specific IgE production and to modulate T H 2 responses. Methods BALB/c mice were vaccinated by means of gene gun–mediated DNA immunization with plasmid vector pCMV-βGal, encoding β-galactosidase as a model allergen. Subsequently, mice were immunized by means of repeated intraperitoneal injection of β-galactosidase adsorbed to the adjuvant aluminum hydroxide. Development of IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a antibody titers during the course of immunization was followed, …

Update of immune events in the murine contact hypersensitivity model: toward the understanding of allergic contact dermatitis.

2013

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most common skin diseases, consisting of sensitization and elicitation phases. With the advancement of technology and the discovery of new types of immune cells, our knowledge of the immunological mechanisms of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) as a murine model of ACD has expanded significantly in the past decade. For example, by introducing regulatory T cells, CD4(+) T-helper 17 cells, and Langerin-positive dermal dendritic cells, the initiation and termination mechanism of CHS has been revealed. In addition, the role of mast cells in CHS, long a matter of debate, has become apparent by developing conditional mast cell-deficient mice. Moreover,…

Standard skin prick testing and sensitization to inhalant allergens across Europe - a survey from the GA²LEN network.

2005

Skin prick testing (SPT) is the standard method for diagnosing allergic sensitization but is to some extent performed differently in clinical centres across Europe. There would be advantages in harmonizing the standard panels of allergens used in different European countries, both for clinical purposes and for research, especially with increasing mobility within Europe and current trends in botany and agriculture. As well as improving diagnostic accuracy, this would allow better comparison of research findings in European allergy centres. We have compared the different SPT procedures operating in 29 allergy centres within the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN). Standard SPT…