Search results for "Sensory System"
showing 10 items of 1266 documents
Does autoimmunity play a part in the pathogenesis of glaucoma?
2013
Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease and one of the leading causes of blindness. Several risk factors have been described, e.g. an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), oxidative stress or mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, alterations in serum antibody profiles of glaucoma patients, upregulation (e.g. anti-HSP60, anti-MBP) and downregulation (e.g. anti-14-3-3), have been described, but it still remains elusive if the autoantibodies seen in glaucoma are an epiphenomenon or causative. However, it is known that elicited autoimmunity causes retinal ganglion cell loss resulting in glaucomatous-like damage and according to the autoaggressive nature of some autoantibodies we found…
Psychophysical response to electrocutaneous stimulation.
1984
A method is presented to determine a reliable stimulus-sensation relationship particularly suitable for electrocutaneous stimulation. An experimental intensity-discrimination curve was obtained through simple psychophysical comparison tasks, and sensory response was inferred from integration of a JND's density function. The psychophysical response resembles a power law, although departures cannot be described in terms of a unique exponent. An estimate of binary information capacity per electrode is also given as a feature of a stimulation procedure that preserves a low value of the size-intensity product.
Use of hierarchical Bayesian framework in MTS studies to model different causes and novel possible forms of acquired MTS
2015
Abstract: An integrative account of MTS could be cast in terms of hierarchical Bayesian inference. It may help to highlight a central role of sensory (tactile) precision could play in MTS. We suggest that anosognosic patients, with anesthetic hemisoma, can also be interpreted as a form of acquired MTS, providing additional data for the model.
Simultaneous Color Contrast in Goldfish— a Quantitative Study
1997
AbstractA set of 9–15 colored test fields was presented to goldfish. In Experiment 1, test field hues ranged from green through yellow to red; in Experiment 2, the hues varied from blue through gray to yellow. In the training conditions, the test fields were presented with a gray or black surround. The fish learned to choose one intermediate test field hue by rewarding them with food. In the test conditions, the color of the surround was changed from gray to green, or red (Experiment 1), and from black to blue, or yellow (Experiment 2). The choice behavior of the goldfish changed substantially: one of the test fields other than the training test field was preferred. Direction and strength o…
Panel Summary: Frontiers of Human-Machine Interaction
2001
The hot points presented to the panel were the following: What are the broader definitions of Human/Machine interaction? For example: non direct connection (using currently available computer GUI) first phase direct connection (linking sensors to the sensory system) second phase (direct connections into the Central Nervous System) What are the technologies that should be developed in order to enable each of the previous phases? What are the scientific research issues that are related to such phases? What are the possible implications of a direct human-computer link on the society? (compared to the Internet revolution?) There are several phases in Human-Machine interaction. The first, and mo…
Tear <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomics Application to the Molecular Diagnosis of Aqueous Tear Deficiency and Me…
2020
<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major cause of signs and symptoms related to dry eyes (DE) and eyelid inflammation. We investigated the composition of human tears by metabolomic approaches in patients with aqueous tear deficiency and MGD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants in this prospective, case-control pilot study were split into patients with aqueous tear deficiency and MGD (DE-MGD [<i>n</i> = 15]) and healthy controls (CG; <i>n</i> = 20). Personal interviews, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and ophthalmic examinations were performed. Reflex tears collected by capillarity were pr…
"Symptom vs sensory profiling"-taking one step after the other.
2016
Human surrogate models of neuropathic pain.
2005
Neuropathic pain is defined as pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system (Merskey and Bogduk, 1994). Current efforts to refine this definition focus on the terms ‘dysfunction’ and ‘nervous system’ with the intention to clarify that there has to be an identifiable lesion or disease process affecting the somatosensory system. Experimental models of neuropathic pain according to either one of these definitions are expected to imitate mechanisms of nerve damage within the peripheral or central parts of the somatosensory system and the ensuing processes of degeneration and regeneration. Whereas this approach to model the etiology and pathophysiology of the…
Lesions to the posterior insular cortex cause dysarthria
2011
Background: Up to now, there are few systematic studies in a sufficient number of patients with lesions involving the insular cortex (IC) examining whether damage of the IC is directly related to dysarthria. Thus, this is the first study applying modern voxel-lesion behaviour mapping (VLBM) aimed to examine whether the IC is involved in dysarthria – and if so – which part of the IC is involved. Methods: Twenty-five patients with acute stroke lesions affecting the IC and peri-insular region were investigated employing VLBM analysis. Results: Present data indicated that dysarthria is associated with stroke lesions affecting the right- and left-sided posterior IC. Conclusions: Owing to the…