Search results for "Sensory Systems"

Effects of conversation content on viewing dyadic conversations

2016

People typically follow conversations closely with their gaze. We asked whether this viewing is influenced by what is actually said in the conversation and by the viewer’s psychological condition. We recorded the eye movements of healthy (N = 16) and depressed (N = 25) participants while they were viewing video clips. Each video showed two people, each speaking one line of dialogue about socio-emotionally important (i.e., personal) or unimportant topics (matter-of-fact). Between the spoken lines, the viewers made more saccadic shifts between the discussants, and looked more at the second speaker, in personal vs. matter-of-fact conversations. Higher depression scores were correlated with les…

Does "whole-word shape" play a role in visual word recognition?

2002

To analyze the impact of outline shape on visual word recognition, the visual pattern of the stimuli can be distorted by size alternation. Contrary to the predictions of models that rely on outline shape (Allen, Wallace, & Weber, 1995), the effect of size alternationwas greater for low-frequency words than for high-frequency words in a lexical decision task (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, the effect of case type (lowercase vs. UPPERCASE) occurred for low-frequency words, but not for high-frequency words. The effect of neighborhood size was remarkably similar in the two experiments. The results can be readily explained in the framework of a resonance model (Grossberg & Stone, 1986), in whic…

Behavioural thresholds of blue tit colour vision and the effect of background chromatic complexity

2020

Vision is a vital attribute to foraging, navigation, mate selection and social signalling in animals, which often have a very different colour perception in comparison to humans. For understanding how animal colour perception works, vision models provide the smallest colour difference that animals of a given species are assumed to detect. To determine the just-noticeable-difference, or JND, vision models use Weber fractions that set discrimination thresholds of a stimulus compared to its background. However, although vision models are widely used, they rely on assumptions of Weber fractions since the exact fractions are unknown for most species. Here, we test; i) which Weber fractions in lo…

Mild Dissonance Preferred Over Consonance in Single Chord Perception

2016

Previous research on harmony perception has mainly been concerned with horizontal aspects of harmony, turning less attention to how listeners perceive psychoacoustic qualities and emotions in single isolated chords. A recent study found mild dissonances to be more preferred than consonances in single chord perception, although the authors did not systematically vary register and consonance in their study; these omissions were explored here. An online empirical experiment was conducted where participants ( N = 410) evaluated chords on the dimensions of Valence, Tension, Energy, Consonance, and Preference; 15 different chords were played with piano timbre across two octaves. The results sugg…

151. Structural and functional asymmetry in human parietal opercular cortex

2009

Multisensory vestibular cortex activated by otolith stimulation (fMRI)

2007

Delayed feedback of somato-motor cortex activations modulates finger tapping results in real-time functional MR imaging

2007

Stimulation with carbachol alters endomembrane distribution and plasma membrane expression of intracellular proteins in lacrimal acinar cells.

2000

The events that lead to Sjogren's autoimmune processes in the lacrimal gland remain poorly understood. The acinar cell's responses to acute cholinergic stimulation include release of secretory products across the apical plasma membrane (apm) and a number of processes related to traffic between endomembrane compartments and the basal-lateral plasma membranes (blm), such as recruitment of Na, K-ATPase, accelerated recycling, and accelerated transcytosis of secretory IgA. We tested the hypothesis that stimulation-induced acceleration of endomembrane traffic is accompanied by changes in compartmentation and increased blm expression of proteins that are normally sequestered in endomembrane compa…

Agreement between 2 swept-source OCT biometers and a Scheimpflug partial coherence interferometer

2020

PURPOSE To evaluate the agreement between different parameters obtained with 2 swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)-based biometers and 1 Scheimpflug camera with partial coherence interferometry (PCI). SETTING Single center, Oftalvist, Alicante, Spain. DESIGN Prospective case series. METHODS Biometry was performed in 49 eyes using 3 optical biometers: ANTERION SS-OCT, IOLMaster 700 SS-OCT, and Pentacam AXL PCI. Keratometry (K), J0 and J45 vectors, anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), white-to-white (WTW), lens thickness (LT), and axial length (AL) were measured with each device. Bland-Altman analysis was applied. RESULTS This study comprises 49 eyes o…

Determining postoperative anterior chamber depth

2003

Abstract Purpose: To compare measured and calculated postoperative anterior chamber depths (ACDs). Setting: Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Medical Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany. Methods: The postoperative ACD was measured in 189 pseudophakic eyes using a laboratory prototype of partial coherence interferometry (PCI). In 6 intraocular lens (IOL) groups, the mean ACD was calculated by ray tracing based on the best-known A-constants of the SRK formulas. In addition, for each IOL type, each measured ACD was compared with a value calculated using the individual spherical equivalent of the postope…