Search results for "Sensory Systems"
showing 10 items of 793 documents
Effect of Different Display Types on Vection and Its Interaction With Motion Direction and Field Dependence
2017
Illusory self-motion (vection) can be generated by visual stimulation. The purpose of the present study was to compare behavioral vection measures including intensity ratings, duration, and onset time across different visual display types. Participants were exposed to a pattern of alternating black-and-white horizontal or vertical bars that moved either in vertical or horizontal direction, respectively. Stimuli were presented on four types of displays in randomized order: (a) large field of view dome projection, (b) combination of three computer screens, (c) single computer screen, (d) large field of view flat projection screen. A Computer Rod and Frame Test was used to measure field depen…
Choroidal filling pattern during a hypotensive crisis
1987
Observation d'une jeune femme de 18 ans atteinte de dystrophie progressive des cones et bâtonnets et ayant presente une crise d'hypotension arterielle au cours d'une angiographie fluoresceinique
Efficacy of diclofenac eyedrops in preventing postoperative inflammation and long-term cystoid macular edema.
1997
Abstract Purpose: To compare the efficacy and tolerance of diclofenac 0.1 % eyedrops with a regimen that included a brief course of steroids in the treatment of postoperative inflammation after extracapsular cataract surgery and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. A second objective was to compare the efficacy of diclofenac 0.1% eyedrops in the same patients and control group in preventing cystoid macular edema (CME). Setting: Eight university/hospital centers and one company in Italy. Methods: The multicenter, controlled, randomized, prospective, double-blind study included 281 patients. All were evaluated at baseline, at surgery, and after 1, 5, 36, 67, and 140 days. Postoper…
Role of 1-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Pupil Dilation Studied With Gene-Targeted Mice
2014
PURPOSE The α₁A-adrenoceptor (α₁A-AR) subtype was suggested to mediate contraction and trophic effects in the iris dilator muscle, and thus its pharmacological blockade may be involved in intraoperative floppy iris syndrome. We tested the hypothesis that the α₁A-AR mediates pupil dilation and trophic effects in the mouse iris. METHODS The α₁-AR subtype mRNA expression was quantified in iris tissue by real-time PCR. To assess the role of individual α₁-ARs for mediating pupil dilation, the α₁-AR agonist phenylephrine was topically applied to the ocular surface of mice deficient in one of the three α₁-AR subtypes (α₁A-AR(-/-), α₁B-AR(-/-), α₁D-AR(-/-), respectively) and wild-type controls. Cha…
P258 Combining tDCS with prismatic adaptation for non invasive neuromodulation of the motor cortex
2017
Introduction Prismatic adaptation (PA) shifts visual field laterally and induces lateralized deviations of spatial attention. Recently, it has been suggested that prismatic goggles are also able to modulate brain excitability ( Magnani, 2014 ), with cognitive after-effects documented even in tasks not necessarily spatial in nature ( Oliveri, 2013 ). Objectives The aim of the present study was to test whether prisms can modulate motor cortical excitability similarly as anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) does; to test whether neuromodulatory effects obtained from tDCS and prismatic goggles could interact and induce homeostatic changes in brain excitability. Materials and me…
P 96. Prismatic lenses as a novel tool to directionally manipulate motor cortex excitability: Evidence from paired-pulse TMS
2013
Introduction Prismatic adaptation (PA) is a visuo-motor procedure requiring participants to adapt to prismatic lenses shifting the visual scene horizontally. Such an adaptation produces a phenomenon called “after-effect”, opposite to the side of lenses deviation. The after-effect has been frequently associated with a shift of spatial attention in the same direction and with a restoration of hemispatial neglect symptoms. PA has captured the interest of neuroscientists in the last decades, since it affects high-order spatial cognition even thought consisting of low-level visuo-motor processes. Objectives Despite a huge literature on this procedure, the basic neural processes related to PA and…
New intraocular lens for achromatizing the human eye.
2007
To describe the design of a new intraocular lens (IOL) capable of correcting spherical and chromatic aberrations when implanted in the human eye.University of Murcia, Murcia, and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.A hybrid singlet achromatic IOL was designed. The IOL has a combination of a refractive and a diffractive surface, with 1 of the surfaces being aspherical. Optical simulations were used to model the polychromatic modulation transfer function (MTF) in pseudophakic eyes to explain the differences in optical quality afforded by the achromatic IOL. Parameters such as focus shift, optical path difference, through-focus, and robustness to tilt and decentering of achromatic IOLs wer…
From different neurophysiological methods to conflicting pathophysiological views in migraine: a critical review of literature.
2014
Abnormal increased cortical responsivity to various types of stimuli plays a major role in migraine pathogenesis. Neurophysiological studies, however, have provided ambiguous findings of either hypo or hyper cortical excitability. This is why the term "dysexcitability" has been recently proposed to indicate a more general dysregulation of cortical excitability. The aims of this review are: (1) to provide existing knowledge and research advances in migraine pathophysiology; (2) to propose a unitary interpretation of apparently conflicting neurophysiological findings. Data of studies conducted in migraine through various evoked potentials techniques and non-invasive brain stimulation methods …
The pain threshold of high-threshold mechanosensitive receptors subsequent to maximal eccentric exercise is a potential marker in the prediction of D…
2017
Background Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) refers to dull pain and discomfort in people after participating in exercise, sport or recreational physical activities. The aim of this study was to detect underlying mechanical thresholds in an experimental model of DOMS. Methods Randomised study to detect mechanical pain thresholds in a randomised order following experimentally induced DOMS of the non-dominant arm in healthy participants. Main outcome was the detection of the pressure pain threshold (PPT), secondary thresholds included mechanical detection (MDT) and pain thresholds (MPT), pain intensity, pain perceptions and the maximum isometric voluntary force (MIVF). Results Twenty volun…
The Louder, the Longer: Object Length Perception Is Influenced by Loudness, but Not by Pitch
2019
Sound by itself can be a reliable source of information about an object&rsquo