Search results for "Sensory system"
showing 10 items of 1266 documents
Molecular basis of human Usher syndrome: deciphering the meshes of the Usher protein network provides insights into the pathomechanisms of the Usher …
2006
Usher syndrome (USH) is the most frequent cause of combined deaf-blindness in man. It is clinically and genetically heterogeneous and at least 12 chromosomal loci are assigned to three clinical USH types, namely USH1A-G, USH2A-C, USH3A (Davenport, S.L.H., Omenn, G.S., 1977. The heterogeneity of Usher syndrome. Vth Int. Conf. Birth Defects, Montreal; Petit, C., 2001. Usher syndrome: from genetics to pathogenesis. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 2, 271-297). Mutations in USH type 1 genes cause the most severe form of USH. In USH1 patients, congenital deafness is combined with a pre-pubertal onset of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and severe vestibular dysfunctions. Those with USH2 have moderate to…
RECURRENT SELF-ORGANIZATION OF SENSORY SIGNALS IN THE AUDITORY DOMAIN
2008
In this study, a psychoacoustical and connectionist modeling framework is proposed for the investigation of musical cognition. It is suggested that music perception involves the manipulation of 1) sensory representations that have correlations with psychoacoustical features of the stimulus, and 2) abstract representations of the statistical regularities underlying a particular musical syntax. In the implicit learning domain, sensory features have been shown to interact with the processes involved in the extraction of the regularities governing musical events combinations in a stream [e.g., 1]. Furthermore, in a more ecological context, it is well known that traditional Western tonal system …
Nxnl2 splicing results in dual functions in neuronal cell survival and maintenance of cell integrity
2012
International audience; The rod-derived cone viability factors, RdCVF and RdCVF2, have potential therapeutical interests for the treatment of inherited photoreceptor degenerations. In the mouse lacking Nxnl2, the gene encoding RdCVF2, the progressive decline of the visual performance of the cones in parallel with their degeneration, arises due to the loss of trophic support from RdCVF2. In contrary, the progressive loss of rod visual function of the Nxnl2-/- mouse results from a decrease in outer segment length, mediated by a cell autonomous mechanism involving the putative thioredoxin protein RdCVF2L, the second spliced product of the Nxnl2 gene. This novel signaling mechanism extends to o…
Chapter 24 Bihemispheric plasticity after acute hand deafferentation
2003
Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes experiments showing that deprivation of somatosensory input could also elicit organizational changes in the hemisphere contralateral to the deafferented one. The existence of interactions among homotopic sites within cortical representations in both hemispheres provides a substrate for such an effect. It has been proposed that chronic deafferentation, in association with long-term practice as in blind, deaf, or individuals with amputation results in compensatory gains in the same and in other sensory modalities. However, the long-term changes described are mild and the question whether blind or deaf people develop enhanced capacities of their remain…
Neurobiological foundations of multisensory processing integration in people with autism spectrum disorders: The role of the medial prefrontal cortex
2014
This review aims to relate the sensory processing problems in people with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), especially Multisensory interaction (MSI), to the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) by exploring neuroanatomical findings; brain connectivity and Default Network (DN); global or locally directed attention; and temporal multisensory binding. The mPFC is part of the brain’s DN, which is deactivated when attention is focused on a particular task and activated on rest when spontaneous cognition emerges. In those with ASD, it is hypoactive and the higher the social impairment the greater the atypical activity. With an immature DN, cross-modal integration is impaired, resulting in …
Noli Me Tangere: Social Touch, Tactile Defensiveness, and Communication in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
2019
Tactile defensiveness is a common feature in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Since the first studies, tactile defensiveness has been described as the result of an abnormal response to sensory stimulation. Moreover, it has been studied how the tactile system is closely linked to socio-communicative development and how the interoceptive sensory system supports both a discriminating touch and an affective touch. Therefore, several neurophysiological studies have been conducted to investigate the neurobiological basis of the development and functioning of the tactile system for a better understanding of the tactile defensiveness behavior and the social touch of NDDs. Given the lack of rece…
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Human Auditory Evoked Responses Revealed By Human Neocortical Neurosolver
2022
Funding Information: This study was supported by National Institutes of Health (Grant Nos. NIBIB RO1 EB022889, NIMH RO1 MH106174). Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s). Auditory evoked fields (AEFs) are commonly studied, yet their underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we used the biophysical modelling software Human Neocortical Neurosolver (HNN) whose foundation is a canonical neocortical circuit model to interpret the cell and network mechanisms contributing to macroscale AEFs elicited by a simple tone, measured with magnetoencephalography. We found that AEFs can be reproduced by activating the neocortical circuit through a layer specific sequence of feedforwar…
CHEMICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF FIVE LOQUAT CULTIVARS
2015
Fruit quality can be evaluated by combining chemical-physical and sensory analyses. In this trial, both instrumental and sensory analyses were carried out on fruit of 5 loquat cultivars (âNespolone di Trabiaâ, âSanfilipparaâ, âVirticchiaraâ, âMarcenA²â and âGolden Nuggetâ), with the aim of assessing their commercial quality. Fruit weight, transversal and longitudinal diameter, total soluble solid content (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA) were measured. In addition, a sensory profile of each cultivar was defined by a trained panel, which generated 16 attributes. The highest fruit weight was found in âGolden Nuggetâ and âSanfilipparaâ; the latter exhibited also th…
EVALUATION OF FRUIT QUALITY IN LOQUAT USING BOTH CHEMICAL AND SENSORY ANALYSES
2011
The use of scientific methodologies on fruit quality perception by using both instrumental and sensory analyses has been affirmed and tested on many fruit tree species. Loquat is still little known from a sensory analysis point of view. The aim of this work is to evaluate fruit quality characteristics of some loquat cultivars using both physico-chemical and sensory analyses. The trial was conducted in Palermo, Sicily on 4 cultivars: ‘Bianco Dolce’, ‘BRT20’, ‘Peluche’ and ‘Nespolone di Trabia’. Fruits were analyzed for weight, transversal and longitudinal diameter, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, peel colour and sensory profile by a trained panel. The sensory attributes were corre…
Roboception and adaptation in a cognitive robot
2023
In robotics, perception is usually oriented at understanding what is happening in the external world, while few works pay attention to what is occurring in the robot’s body. In this work, we propose an artificial somatosensory system, embedded in a cognitive architecture, that enables a robot to perceive the sensations from its embodiment while executing a task. We called these perceptions roboceptions, and they let the robot act according to its own physical needs in addition to the task demands. Physical information is processed by the robot to behave in a balanced way, determining the most appropriate trade-off between the achievement of the task and its well being. The experiments show …