Search results for "Sensory system"

Tickle contagion in the somatosensory cortex

2021

AbstractThe cellular mechanisms of emotional contagion are unknown. We investigated tickle contagion and the underlying neuronal representations in rats. We recorded trunk somatosensory cortex activity of observer rats while they received tickling, audio-visual playback of tickling footage, and while they witnessed tickling of demonstrator rats. Observers vocalized, and showed “Freudensprünge” (“joy jumps”) during witnessing live tickling, while they showed little behavioral responses to playbacks. A fraction of trunk somatosensory neurons responded to both direct and witnessed tickling in action-specific manner. The correlation between direct and witnessed tickling responses increased towa…

Functional Brain Segmentation Using Inter-Subject Correlation in fMRI

2016

The human brain continuously processes massive amounts of rich sensory information. To better understand such highly complex brain processes, modern neuroimaging studies are increasingly utilizing experimental setups that better mimic daily‐life situations. A new exploratory data‐analysis approach, functional segmentation inter‐subject correlation analysis (FuSeISC), was proposed to facilitate the analysis of functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) data sets collected in these experiments. The method provides a new type of functional segmentation of brain areas, not only characterizing areas that display similar processing across subjects but also areas in which processing across subjects is h…

The Effect of Long-Term Storage on the Biological and Histological Properties of Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane

2011

Cryopreserved amniotic membrane (AM) is widely used in ophthalmology because of its anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing promoting capabilities. A common method to conserve the tissue is the storage in cryo-medium containing 50% glycerol at -80°C. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of storage time on the sterility as well as the histological and biological properties of cryopreserved AM.Amniotic membrane from different donors was stored in cell culture media containing 50% glycerol for different time periods, on average 4 months (group 1), 15 months (group 2), and 24 months (group 3), at -80°C. Samples of the tissue and cryo-medium were examined for bacteria…

Biologically inspired information processing and synchronization in ensembles of non-identical threshold-potential nanostructures.

2013

Nanotechnology produces basic structures that show a significant variability in their individual physical properties. This experimental fact may constitute a serious limitation for most applications requiring nominally identical building blocks. On the other hand, biological diversity is found in most natural systems. We show that reliable information processing can be achieved with heterogeneous groups of non-identical nanostructures by using some conceptual schemes characteristic of biological networks (diversity, frequency-based signal processing, rate and rank order coding, and synchronization). To this end, we simulate the integrated response of an ensemble of single-electron transisto…

Study time effects in recognition memory.

2004

We empirically tested the assumption that study time increases recognition accuracy because the storage of information is better when study time is longer as Shiffrin and colleagues have reported, an assumption common to parallel models of recognition. In the present study with 123 subjects, we examined the effect of item strength on four measures: hit rate, false alarm rate, d′, and β, for a single-word recognition task with longer study times than those usually used in the literature. Analysis indicated significant increase for hit rate and d′ and a decrease in false alarm rate, as one goes from weak to stronger study conditions, and a change in ln(β) when study time is greater than 1 se…

Global flow impacts time-to-passage judgments based on local motion cues

2011

AbstractWe assessed the effect of the coherence of optic flow on time-to-passage judgments in order to investigate the strategies that observers use when local expansion information is reduced or lacking. In the standard display, we presented a cloud of dots whose image expanded consistent with constant observer motion. The dots themselves, however, did not expand and were thus devoid of object expansion cues. Only the separations between the dots expanded. Subjects had to judge which of two colored target dots, presented at different simulated depths and lateral displacements would pass them first. Image velocities of the target dots were chosen so as to correlate with time-to-passage only…

Refractive index and equilibrium water content of conventional and silicone hydrogel contact lenses

2006

Prova tipográfica (In Press)

P 56 tDCS shows no effects on motor cortex excitability at rest

2017

Introduction Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a widely used technique in research and clinics. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are not yet clear. Modeling studies suggest that the electric field during tDCS is dominated by a tangential component which predominantly modifies active synaptic connections ( Radman et al., 2007 ). We have previously shown that tDCS with an increased tangential compared to the conventional montage introduced by Nitsche and Paulus (2000) , suppresses the effects of paired associative stimulation of the supplementary motor area and the primary motor cortex (PASSMA-M1) independent of tDCS polarity (Faber et al., under submission). H…

141. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the facial nerve in acute isolated peripheral facial palsy

2009

Rapid nucleus-scale reorganization of chromatin in neurons enables transcriptional adaptation for memory consolidation

2020

AbstractThe interphase nucleus is functionally organized in active and repressed territories defining the transcriptional status of the cell. However, it remains poorly understood how the nuclear architecture of neurons adapts in response to behaviorally relevant stimuli that trigger fast alterations in gene expression patterns. Imaging of fluorescently tagged nucleosomes revealed that pharmacological manipulation of neuronal activity in vitro and auditory cued fear conditioning in vivo induce nucleus-scale restructuring of chromatin within minutes. Furthermore, the acquisition of auditory fear memory is impaired after infusion of a drug into auditory cortex which blocks chromatin reorganiz…