Search results for "Sensory system"
showing 10 items of 1266 documents
Amygdala
2015
The amygdala is considered a key center in managing emotional information and its dysfunction is at the base of disorders ranging through anxiety, depression, PTSD and autism. However, the amygdala seems heterogeneous both structurally (with pallial and supallial components) and functionally. Thus, whereas cortical and thalamic multimodal sensory inputs enter the basolateral complex, the corticomedial amygdala is dominated by olfactory and vomeronasal inputs. Intrinsic amygdaloid circuitry, connects these two amygdaloid divisions and convey processed information to the main amygdala outputs. The pallial amygdala is the main source for telencephalic outputs to associative cortical areas (e.g…
Optical quality comparison between 2 collagen copolymer posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens designs
2014
Purpose To compare the optical quality in vitro of 2 designs of the Visian Implantable Collamer Lens phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) for different powers and optical apertures. Setting University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Design Experimental study. Methods The Nimo TR1504 deflectometry device was used to measure the V4c pIOL, which has a smaller optic diameter, and the V5 pIOL, which has a larger optic diameter. The pIOLs were measured for −3.00 diopters (D), −6.00 D, −9.50 D, and −10.50 D at different optical apertures from 3.00 to 6.00 mm depending on the IOL power and model. The root mean square of higher-order aberrations (RMS HOAs) was analyzed. The Strehl ratio, point-spread functi…
In vitro optical performance of nonrotational symmetric and refractive-diffractive aspheric multifocal intraocular lenses: impact of tilt and decentr…
2012
Purpose To evaluate the optical quality of Acrysof Restor SN6AD1 refractive–diffractive +3.00 D and Lentis Mplus LS-312 nonrotational symmetric +3.00 D aspheric multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and analyze the effect of tilt and decentration. Setting University of Valencia, Valencia, and University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. Design Experimental study. Methods An artificial model eye was used to measure wavefront aberrations of both IOL models. The modulation transfer function (MTF) and point-spread function (PSF) were calculated for a 5.0 mm pupil and under 5 situations: centered, 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm decentered, and 2 degrees and 4 degrees tilted. Results The refractive–diffractive IOL had…
A pilot study on the differences in wavefront aberrations between two ethnic groups of young generally myopic subjects
2008
A comparative population-based cross-sectional study design was used to examine the prevalence of wavefront patterns in two different ethnic groups, and the relationship of these patterns with ocular biometrics and gender. The Shin–Nippon SRW5000 open field autorefractor, the Wavefront Analysis Supported Customized Ablation (WASCA) wavefront analyser and the IOLMaster were used to determine wavefront aberrations, mean spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error and axial length (AL). Seventy-four eyes from 74 young healthy subjects (44 British Asians, 30 Caucasians; 36 men, 38 women; mean age 22.51 ± 3.89 years) with mean SE averaging )1.90 ± 2.76 D (range )10.88 to +2.19 D) were examined. R…
Weakness and focal sensory deficits in the postictal state.
2010
Postictal motor deficits may occur in patients following partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Frequency is unclear, epidemiology being hampered by heterogeneous populations and variable methods of detection. Postictal paresis may affect any body part, may be bilateral, and may occur more frequently in seizures involving the sensorimotor cortex. Duration varies depending on the precise mode of testing from a few minutes to 36 hours. Sensory deficits following seizures have been rarely reported but may be missed if not specifically tested for. The lateralizing value of postical paresis is high (>90%), pointing to a seizure origin in the opposite frontal lobe. Postictal paresis often…
Flavor release from salad dressings: sensory and physicochemical approaches in relation with the structure
2000
The effect of process and formulation on sensory perception and flavor release was investigated on salad dressing models. Oil/vinegar emulsions (φ = 0.5, droplet size > 10 μm) with thickeners and a whey protein concentrate were prepared with different fat droplet sizes and different distributions of fat droplet size. The effect of the amount of emulsifier was also tested. Sensory profile analysis was performed by a trained panel and flavor release quantified by dynamic headspace analysis. When the droplet size is increased, the lemon smell and citrus aroma significantly increase, whereas the egg note, mustard, and butter aroma significantly decrease. The concentrations of alcohols and acids…
Sensory and chemical drivers of wine minerality aroma: An application to Chablis wines
2017
The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of vineyard position on the minerality of wines and to establish relationships between minerality scores, sensory descriptors and chemical composition. Sensory analyses included minerality rating and free description performed by wine professionals under two conditions: orthonasal olfaction alone and global tasting. Chemical characterization included analysis of major and minor volatile compounds, volatile sulphur compounds, mercaptans, metals, anions and cations. Results showed a significant effect of the river bank on wine minerality scores only in the orthonasal olfaction condition, samples from the left being more mineral than those from …
Contribution of the Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) method to the sensory description of subtle differences in partially dealcoholized red win…
2009
Abstract In this study, effect of partial alcohol reduction on the sensory modification of red wines was investigated. A Merlot and a Syrah wine were partially dealcoholized using reverse osmosis technique to span a range of three different alcohol contents (14–10%) by grape variety. Preliminary triangle tests indicated the existence of very slight differences between the dealcoholized wines of the study. Therefore, adapted descriptive methodologies had to be used. In a first step, wines were described with a comparative sensory profile by 16 trained panellists on 15 sensory attributes. Then, the same panellists profiled the wines with the TDS technique, which consists in identifying and ra…
AMBIENT LIGHTING MODIFIES THE FLAVOR OF WINE
2009
It is well known that the color of a beverage can influence its flavor. We conducted three experiments to investigate the effect of the ambient room color on flavor, while leaving the color of the beverage unaltered. We chose white wine as the beverage and used several methods to fully explore the potential role of ambient light. First, a group of wine buyers made judgments on flavor and global liking while tasting a Riesling on site at a local winery. Ambient color influenced the subjective value of the wine. Wine tasted better in blue or red environments as compared with green and white. A second group was tested in the laboratory. Ambient color modified the taste, but not the odor of the…
Exploring minerality of Burgundy Chardonnay wines: a sensory approach with wine experts and trained panellists
2013
Background and Aims The use of minerality as a wine descriptor has increased in the last few years. Minerality always suggests high quality and evokes a link between wine and the soil. The sensory meaning of minerality, however, is not yet clearly understood. The present study was designed to understand how wine experts conceptualise minerality and to explore whether they can judge wine minerality in a consensual way. Methods and Results Experts carried out an orthonasal free sorting task on 16 Chardonnay wines. Afterwards, they rated their mineral character according to two conditions: orthonasally and on the palate while wearing a nose-clip. The experts also answered a questionnaire in wh…