Search results for "Sentence"

Above the Sentence Level

2021

A Novel Approach to Improve the Accuracy of Web Retrieval

2010

General purpose search engines utilize a very simple view on text documents: They consider them as bags of words. It results that after indexing, the semantics of documents is lost. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to improve the accuracy of Web retrieval. We utilize the WordNet and WordNet SenseRelate All Words Software as main tools to preserve the semantics of the sentences of documents and user queries. Nouns and verbs in the WordNet are organized in the tree hierarchies. The word meanings are presented by numbers that reference to the nodes on the semantic tree. The meaning of each word in the sentence is calculated when the sentence is analyzed. The goal is to put each nou…

Logical Sentential Calculi Inspired by the Chrysippean Sentential Calculus

2021

The aim of the present paper is to consider an approach, different from that presented by J. Łukasiewicz, concerning the interpretation of the so-called stoic undemonstrables, which were given by Chrysippus. Stoic undemonstrables have been interpreted in two different ways: using the notion of “negation of a sentence” (Łukasiewicz) and using the notion of “a sentence inconsistent with a given one” (Mates). According to the Stoics, two sentences are inconsistent if one of them is negation of the other. The Mates’ interpretation generates five different inference rules. Based on one of these rules we can consider (with other undemonstrables) four different stoic propositional calculi. Taking …

The hidden side of adverbs

2018

This paper will address the predicative nature of manner adverb(ial)s and of three types of sentence adverbs (subject-oriented, modal, and evaluative) in Italian. Predication often becomes overt by means of morphological correlates. Is it possible to find any such evidence with invariable adverbs? To unveil their predicative nature, a procedure will be suggested in which two sentences, one with a -mente adverb, the other with its cognate adjective (a) share the content morphemes (identity of the signifiant) and (b) entail each other (identity of the signifié as regards semantic roles). A number of such pairs will be discussed, examples of which include: Intelligentemente, Leo intervenne ‘Cl…

A Geometric Approach to Automatic Description of Iconic Scenes

2005

It is proposed a step towards the automatic description of scenes with a geometric approach. The scenes considered are composed by a set of elements that can be geometric forms or iconic representation of objects. Every icon is characterized by a set of attributes like shape, colour, position, orientation. Each scene is related to a set of sentences describing its content. The proposed approach builds a data driven vector semantic space where the scenes and the sentences are mapped. Sentences and scene with the same meaning are mapped in near vectors and distance criteria allow retrieving semantic relations.

LAS PERIFERIAS SINTÁCTICAS EN EL HABLA COLOQUIAL DE ESPAÑOL L1 Y L2 Y DE SUECO L1: UN ESTUDIO TIPOLÓGICO Y ADQUISICIONAL

2019

Las dos últimas décadas han visto crecer el interés en las denominadas periferias sintácticas, la de izquierda así como la de derecha. Deriva la presente contribución de un proyecto que se va realizando en Estocolmo y cuyo objetivo es comparar la actuación de suecos muy proficientes en español y francés L2 con la de hablantes nativos de una y otra lengua. En esta comunicación se enfocarán los usos del español L1 y L2 así como del sueco L1. Por un lado, se aplica una perspectiva tipológica al examinar en qué aspectos difieren las pautas del español L1 de las del sueco L1. Por el otro lado, se toma en cuenta la perspectiva adquisicional al formular la pregunta de hasta qué punto llega a parec…

Constraints on ontology changing complexation processes: Evidence from event-related brain potentials

2010

This paper investigates complex anaphoric reference (i.e., when an anaphor refers to a propositionally structured referent). Complex anaphors (e.g., this process, this event) differ in their ontological feature setup, and the ontological type assigned to a referent can change due to the lexical meaning of the complex anaphor. Previous research has proposed that such changes have to comply with an ontological ‘abstractness constraint’ restricting the direction of ontological change. We present an event-related potential study that provides evidence that violations of the abstractness constraint result in processing costs. The data reveal that violating this constraint by shifting the referen…

Entre la gramática y el discurso: reformuladores alemanes en proceso de fijación

2015

This paper aims, on the one hand, to critically revise the notion of reformulation from the perspective of the Operator-Scopus-Theory and its understanding of discourse based on the interpretative capacity of the recipient and the sender’s attempt to adjust his linguistic production to the expectations of this recipient in order to attain a specific end. On the other hand, we will analyse three reformulation markers which have been scarcely dealt with in the specialised bibliography, since they can render evidence on the defining features of the category and on the transition of these markers (still uncompleted in many of them) towards their full conversion into invariable particles with ty…

Word-Formation and Contextualism

2014

While there is, under the heading of “morphopragmatics”, some research on the relation of pragmatics and word-formation, especially with a focus on diminutives, the major theoretical models of word-formation do not account for the word-formation/pragmatics interface in any systematic fashion. Moreover, in recent contextualist approaches to the semantics/pragmatics interface, the typical grammatical unit referred to is the sentence (including words that constitute a sentence), but not word structure or the morpheme. Drawing on morphological data from German, I will show the influence of pragmatic processes and principles on word-formation, arguing that word structures are also units that may…

Darītāja un izjutēja lomas robežošanās latviešu valodā

2012

BOUNDARIES OF AGENT AND EXPERIENCER IN LATVIANSummaryThe deep sentence structure is reflected in the surface sentence structure. There is no doubt that the actor is an important participant in the semantics of the sentence, and the patient is important in the transitive verb argument structure. Other participant roles form periphery of the situation.The article deals with the issue of boundaries between agent and experiencer roles. In Latvian, both agent and experiencer employ the same means of expression – both participants syntactically can be expressed by the subject. The aim of this article is to clarify whether it is easy to divide these participant roles and what criteria help to make…