Search results for "Sexually"

Evolutionary processes in the emergence and recent spread of the syphilis agent, Treponema pallidum

2022

Abstract The incidence of syphilis has risen worldwide in the last decade in spite of being an easily treated infection. The causative agent of this sexually transmitted disease is the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (TPA), very closely related to subsp. pertenue (TPE) and endemicum (TEN), responsible for the human treponematoses yaws and bejel, respectively. Although much focus has been placed on the question of the spatial and temporary origins of TPA, the processes driving the evolution and epidemiological spread of TPA since its divergence from TPE and TEN are not well understood. Here, we investigate the effects of recombination and selection as forces of genetic diver…

Comparative analysis of immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction and focus-floating microscopy for the detection of Treponema pallidum in muco…

2011

Summary Background  The incidence of syphilis is increasing in many parts of the world including a re-emergence in Western Europe and North America. Depending on the disease stage, direct detection of Treponema pallidum in mucocutaneous lesions of syphilis may be difficult and histopathological findings are not always straightforward. Thus, the correct histological diagnosis may be challenging. Objectives  Comparatively to evaluate the evidence for infection with T. pallidum by immunohistochemistry (IHC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and focus-floating microscopy (FFM). Methods  A series of 86 paraffin-embedded skin biopsy samples from patients with primary, secondary or tertiary syphili…

Application of molecular topology to the prediction of antiparasitic activity against Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis of 2-Acylamino-n…

2020

Giardia intestinalis y Trichomonas vaginalis destacan por su importancia clínica. G. intestinalis causa la giardiosis, una parasitosis de gran importancia epidemiológica y clínica por presentar una elevada prevalencia. T. vaginalis causa la tricomoniasis, la enfermedad de transmisión sexual (ETS) no viral con mayor incidencia del mundo. Ambas parasitosis comparten el mismo tratamiento farmacológico: los nitroimidazoles. Se ha aplicado la topología molecular en la búsqueda de derivados del 2-Acylamino-nitro-1,3-tiazol con actividad antiparasitaria frente a G. intestinalis y T. vaginalis . Con el análisis lineal discriminante se obtuvo un modelo capaz de clasificar correctamente el 92,85 % de…

Discovery of novel trichomonacidals using LDA-driven QSAR models and bond-based bilinear indices as molecular descriptors

2008

Few years ago, the World Health Organization estimated the number of adults with trichomoniasis at 170 million worldwide, more than the combined numbers for gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia. To combat this sexually transmitted disease, Metronidazole (MTZ) has emerged, since 1959, as a powerful drug for the systematic treatment of infected patients. However, increasing resistance to MTZ, adverse effects associated to high-dose MTZ therapies and very expensive conventional technologies related to the development of new trichomonacidals necessitate novel computational methods that shorten the drug discovery pipeline. Therefore, bond-based bilinear indices, new 2-D bond-based TOMOCOMD-CARDD M…

Low rate of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women screened for cervical HPV infection in Southern Italy: A cross-sectional study of 140 …

2009

Even though the natural history of cervical and oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been investigated intensely, the possibility that HPV may infect both sites in the same subject is not well documented. This study investigated the frequency of concurrent oral and cervical HPV infection in southern Italian women, in the light of some selected socio-behavioral variables. One hundred forty women (mean age: 36 years), with known cervical HPV status, were analyzed for oral HPV. Age, smoking/drinking habits, clinical and socio-behavioral history were assessed by personal interviews. Oral mucosal cells were collected by oral brushing and HPV DNA was sought by the use of nested PCR ampli…

Circumcision and Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention: Evidence and Reticence

2017

Circumcision is one of the oldest surgical procedures and the most common surgical procedure performed on males. It is practiced for three main reasons: ritual or religious meanings, prophylactic hygienic purposes, and therapeutic indications. Male circumcision is advocated as an efficacious prevention strategy against sexually transmitted diseases. One of the main biological mechanisms responsible for the lower human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection rate in heterosexual circumcised men is the protective effect of keratinization of the glans. Moreover, male circumcision removes the inner part of the prepuce containing Langerhans cells that are targeted by HIV. Several observational st…

Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and enteric protozoa among homosexual men in western Sicily (south Italy)

2012

Introduction. In recent years an increase in the number of sexu- ally transmitted infections (STIs) in men who have sex with men (MSM) has been reported in different industrialised countries. Because few epidemiological data on the STIs/MSM population in Sicily are available, a survey was conducted to assess the preva- lence of STIs/enteric protozoa and risky sexual behaviours among MSM in western Sicily. Methods. In 2010, 74 MSM with median age of 30 years old, were recruited via networks. All participants to the study were interviewed by anonymous self-administered questionnaire in order to collect social/demographic information, clinic data and STI-related risky sexual behaviours. After …

Sexually transmitted COVID‐19

2020

Association of Urogenital Symptoms with History of Water Contact in Young Women in Areas Endemic for S. haematobium. A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural…

2016

Female genital schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma haematobium. Infected females may suffer from symptoms mimicking sexually transmitted infections. We explored if self-reported history of unsafe water contact could be used as a simple predictor of genital schistosomiasis. In a cross-sectional study in rural South Africa, 883 sexually active women aged 16–22 years were included. Questions were asked about urogenital symptoms and water contact history. Urine samples were tested for S. haematobium ova. A score based on self-reported water contact was calculated and the association with symptoms was explored while adjusting for other genital infections using m…

S. haematobium as a Common Cause of Genital Morbidity in Girls: A Cross-sectional Study of Children in South Africa

2013

Background Schistosoma (S.) haematobium infection is a common cause of genital morbidity in adult women. Ova in the genital mucosal lining may cause lesions, bleeding, pain, discharge, and the damaged surfaces may pose a risk for HIV. In a heterogeneous schistosomiasis endemic area in South Africa, we sought to investigate if young girls had genital symptoms and if this was associated with urinary S. haematobium. Methodology In a cross-sectional study of 18 randomly chosen primary schools, we included 1057 schoolgirls between the age of 10 and 12 years. We interviewed assenting girls, whose parents had consented to their participation and examined three urines from each of them for schistos…