Search results for "Shear"

Online measurement of floc size, viscosity, and consistency of cellulose microfibril suspensions with optical coherence tomography

2021

AbstractIn this study, cellulose microfibril (CMF) suspensions were imaged during pipe flow at consistencies of 0.4%, 1.0%, and 1.6% with optical coherence tomography (OCT) to obtain images of the structure and the local velocity of the suspension. The viscosities obtained by combining pressure loss measurement with the OCT velocity data showed typical shear thinning behavior and were in excellent agreement with viscosities obtained with ultrasound velocity profiling. The structural OCT images were used to calculate the radial and the axial floc sizes of the suspension. A fit of power law to the geometrical floc size–shear stress data gave the same power law index for all consistencies, sug…

Shear-Thinning in Oligomer Melts—Molecular Origins and Applications

2021

We investigate the molecular origin of shear-thinning in melts of flexible, semiflexible and rigid oligomers with coarse-grained simulations of a sheared melt. Entanglements, alignment, stretching and tumbling modes or suppression of the latter all contribute to understanding how macroscopic flow properties emerge from the molecular level. In particular, we identify the rise and decline of entanglements with increasing chain stiffness as the major cause for the non-monotonic behaviour of the viscosity in equilibrium and at low shear rates, even for rather small oligomeric systems. At higher shear rates, chains align and disentangle, contributing to shear-thinning. By performing simulations …

Evaluation of the effect of three innovative recyling methods on the shear bond strength of stainless steel brackets-an in vitro study

2016

Background Orthodontists are commonly faced with the decision of what to do with debonded or inaccurately positioned brackets. An economical option to this dilemma is to recycle the brackets. Many recycling methods have been proposed, but the optimal bond strength of these recycled brackets needs further evaluation. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the effect of three recycling methods: (i) Sandblasting (ii) Sandblasting / direct flaming (iii) Sandblasting /direct flaming /acid bath solution on shear bond strength (SBS) of stainless steel brackets. Material and Methods Eighty human premolars were bonded with premolar stainless steel brackets as per manufacturer’s instructions. The teeth …

Comparative evaluation of orthodontic bracket base shapes on shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index : an in vitro study

2017

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthodontic bracket base shape on shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this in vitro study using 140 bovine incisors, shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets with different base shapes (rectangle, flower, round, heart, diamond, star, and football) were measured with an Instron testing machine and tested until bond failure. Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scoring was evaluated after debonding to evaluate the location of bond failure. Descriptive and one-way ANOVA post-hoc Tukey statistical analyses were performed with a statistical significance set at p≤0.05. RESULTS Statistically significant d…

The impact of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets applied to different CAD/CAM composites

2020

Background To investigate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic metal brackets applied to different CAD/CAM composites treated with different surface treatments. Material and Methods Specimens of two CAD/CAM composites were obtained of Lava Ultimate (LU; n=60) and Brilliant Crios (BC; n=60) which were randomly separated into six subgroups (n=10) according to the surface treatment: control (CTL); sandblasting (SB); sandblasting and silane (SBSL); hydrofluoric acid (HF); hydrofluoric acid and silane (HFSL); and Monobond Etch&Prime (MEP). The mandibular central incisor metal brackets were bonded with a light-cure adhesive. The SBS data were analyzed using the two-way analysis of varianc…

Magnitude and distribution of stresses in composite resin and sound dentine interface with mechanical retentions

2014

Background: Adhesive systems are constantly subjected to mechanical and chemical stresses that negatively impact the integrity and durability of the dentine-adhesive interface. Despite the lack of evidence to support or reject the clinical indication for mechanical retention, the potential further contribution of these preparations to the behavior of the composite resin-sound dentine bond has been rarely addressed. The authors evaluated by finite element analysis the effect of mechanical retention on the magnitude and distribution of stresses in a composite resin-sound dentin bonding interface when subjected to tensile and shear forces. Material and Methods: A three-dimensional model was cr…

Composition-related structural, thermal and mechanical properties of Ba1−xSrxTiO3ceramics (0 ≤x≤ 0.4)

2015

The Ba1−xSrxTiO3 (BST) ceramics were prepared by conventional ceramic method. The crystalline structure and morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Experimental results show that increase of sintering temperature leads to an uncontrolled precipitating of the phase with a lower content of Ti. The dielectric constant and specific heat as a function of composition and temperature were investigated. The increasing concentration of Sr ions leads to a shift of the Curie point below room temperature. To determine the elastic constants (the Young's modulus E, the shear modulus G and the Poisson's ratio v) of BST, a method of measurement of the lo…

Crystallizing polystyrene microgel colloids

2007

Spherical microgel particles of sufficiently high degree of internal cross-linking and swollen in a good solvent in many respects behave quite similarly to hard-sphere colloids. Due to solvent uptake they can be refractive-index-matched and density-matched in suitable organic solvents. We present preliminary measurements of the crystallization kinetics of 1:10 cross-linked polystyrene microgel particles. We measured Bragg and small-angle light scattering of the solidifying shear melt. Two different scattering patterns, a set of Debye-Scherrer rings and a second ring pattern at small angles could be observed. We check for similarities and differences compared to previously investigated collo…

BCD-01 JOINT INFLUENCE OF TRANSVERSE COMPRESSION AND SHEAR-FLEXURAL STIFFNESS ON RUBBER V-BELT MECHANICS(BELT AND CHAIN DRIVES)

2009

Analytical prediction of the shear connection capacity in composite steel–concrete trussed beams

2016

Steel–concrete trussed composite beams are a particular types of composite girders constituted by a steel truss embedded in a concrete core. The truss is typically composed by a steel plate or a precast concrete slab working as bottom chord while coupled rebars are generally used to form the upper chord. Moreover, a system of ribbed or smooth steel rebars welded to the plate and forming the diagonals of the truss, works as web reinforcement. In the present study, the attention is focused on the evaluation of the shear resistance of the connection between bottom steel plate (the bottom chord) and concrete core through the diagonal bars of the truss developing a mechanical model able to accou…