Search results for "Shunting"

Rifampin-impregnated silicone catheters: a potential tool for prevention and treatment of CSF shunt infections.

2003

Background: Infection continues to be one of the major complications of cerebro-spinal fluid shunting procedures. Recent insights in the pathophysiological mechanism of these foreign body infections have elucidated the difficulty of achieving successful treatment without device removal. The development of a rifampin-impregnated silicone catheter yielded excellent results in infection prevention and treatment in vitro as well as in an animal model. Patients and Methods: Here, we describe the application of this device in two patients with a complicated course of shunt infection. Results: In one patient the rifampin-impregnated shunt system was implanted after external drainage to prevent fur…

Modelling the spatial and temporal constrains of the GABAergic influence on neuronal excitability

2021

GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain that can mediate depolarizing responses during development or after neuropathological insults. Under which conditions GABAergic membrane depolarizations are sufficient to impose excitatory effects is hard to predict, as shunting inhibition and GABAergic effects on spatiotemporal filtering of excitatory inputs must be considered. To evaluate at which reversal potential a net excitatory effect was imposed by GABA (EGABAThr), we performed a detailed in-silico study using simple neuronal topologies and distinct spatiotemporal relations between GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs. These simulations revealed for GABAe…

Effect of depolarizing GABAA-mediated membrane responses on excitability of Cajal-Retzius cells in the immature rat neocortex

2011

In immature neurons activation of ionotropic GABA receptors induces depolarizing membrane responses due to a high intracellular Cl− concentration ([Cl−]i). However, it is difficult to draw conclusions about the functional consequences of subthreshold GABAergic depolarizations, since GABAergic membrane shunting and additional effects on voltage-dependent ion channels or action potential threshold must be considered. To systematically investigate factors that determine the GABAergic effect on neuronal excitability we performed whole cell patch-clamp recordings from Cajal-Retzius cells in immature rat neocortex, using [Cl−]i between 10 and 50 mM. The effect of focal GABA application was quant…

TRESK channel contributes to depolarization-induced shunting inhibition and modulates epileptic seizures.

2020

Glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission controls excitation and inhibition of postsynaptic neurons, whereas activity of ion channels modulates neuronal intrinsic excitability. However, it is unclear how excessive neuronal excitation affects intrinsic inhibition to regain homeostatic stability under physiological or pathophysiological conditions. Here, we report that a seizure-like sustained depolarization can induce short-term inhibition of hippocampal CA3 neurons via a mechanism of membrane shunting. This depolarization-induced shunting inhibition (DShI) mediates a non-synaptic, but neuronal intrinsic, short-term plasticity that is able to suppress action potential generation and…

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: Outcome Analysis of 100 Consecutive Procedures

1999

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been shown to be a sufficient alternative in the surgical treatment of occlusive hydrocephalus. To elucidate the ongoing discussion of timing, indication, and surgical technique, a retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive ETVs was conducted. METHODS: One hundred ETVs were performed in 95 patients (43 female and 52 male patients). Their age ranged from 3 weeks to 77 years (mean age, 36 yr). Hydrocephalus was caused by aqueductal stenosis in 40 patients, space-occupying lesions in 42, and intraventricular or subarachnoid hemorrhage in 8. One patient had postinflammatory hydrocephalus, and four patients had occlusive hydrocephalus of unkno…

Letter: Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting Improves Long-Term Quality of Life in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

2020

Diagnosis, treatment, and analysis of long-term outcomes in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus

2007

To the Editor:We read with interest the article by McGirt et al. (9) entitled“Diagnosis, Treatment, and Analysis of Long-term Outcomes inIdiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.” The authors con-clude that gait impairment is the primary symptom that inde-pendently predicted improvement after shunting. The studyincluded 132 patients, 129 (98%) of whom had gait impairmentas a feature. We would like to comment on this particular selec-tion criterion, as well as improvements in the Mini Mental StateExamination (MMSE) as the sole measure of postoperative cog-nitive improvement.One of the inclusion criteria for this study was presentationwith two or more features of the classic triad. Thus, the …