Search results for "Sight-Reading"

The keyboard as a part of visual, auditory and kinesthetic processing in sight-reading at the piano

2009

Sight-reading at the piano requires coordination of multiple modalities—visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Visual feedback (obtained by looking at the keyboard and the fingers) is usually regarded as one means by which pianists guide musical performance, but few researchers have focused on the organisational aspects implicit in the information provided by the keyboard. This study investigated the role of the keyboard with respect to the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic modalities involved in sight-reading. Five pianists sight-read two compositions, each in a different musical style. They were then interviewed in a semi-structured interview format. A qualitative content analysis was made fr…

Reading ahead: Adult music students’ eye movements in temporally controlled performances of a children’s song

2014

In the present study, education majors minoring in music education ( n = 24) and music performance majors ( n =14) read and performed the original version and melodically altered versions of a simple melody in a given tempo. Eye movements during music reading and piano performances were recorded. Errorless trials were analyzed to explore the adjustments of visual processing in successful performances. The temporal length of the eye–hand span (time between gaze and the performed note) was typically around one second or less. A measure of gaze activity indicated that performers generally inspected two quarter-note areas between two metrical beat onsets. The performance majors operated with s…

2018

A music reader has to “look ahead” from the notes currently being played—this has usually been called the Eye-Hand Span. Given the restrictions on processing time due to tempo and meter, the Early Attraction Hypothesis suggests that sight readers are likely to locally increase the span of looking ahead in the face of complex upcoming symbols (or symbol relationships). We argue that such stimulus-driven effects on looking ahead are best studied using a measure of Eye-Time Span (ETS) which redefines looking ahead as the metrical distance between the position of a fixation in the score and another position that corresponds to the point of metrical time at fixation onset. In two experiments of…

Sight-reading expertise: cross-modality integration investigated using eye tracking

2011

International audience; It is often said that experienced musicians are capable of hearing what they read (and vice versa). This suggests that they are able to process and to integrate multimodal information. The present study investigates this issue with an eye-tracking technique. Two groups of musicians chosen on the basis of their level of expertise (experts, non-experts) had to read excerpts of poorly-known classical piano music and play them on a keyboard. The experiment was run in two consecutive phases during which each excerpt was (1) read without playing and (2) sight-read (read and played). In half the conditions, the participants heard the music before the reading phases. The exc…

Acquiring music information : An incidental learning approach.

2022

This thesis contains my empirical works resulting from three years of studying contingency learning, that is the human ability to learn regularities between two or more events, applied to music. Learning music requires time and effort. However, many skills can be automatized in less time-consuming and effortful ways. Indeed, some research suggests that many elements of music knowledge are mostly implicitly acquired. In Chapter 1, the potential benefit of using an incidental learning procedure to automatize musical sub-skills useful for sight-reading and for pitch identification is discussed. In Chapter 2, the first set of experiments investigate whether an incidental contingency learning ta…