Search results for "Signal"

Il-6 signaling in inflammatory bowel disease: pathophysiological role and clinical relevance.

2007

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) occurring in the gut of genetically susceptible individuals independent of a specific pathogen. The interaction between antigen-presenting cells and the local bacterial flora contributes to an uncontrolled activation of mucosal CD4+ T lymphocytes with the consecutive release of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, and also IL-17, which is attributed to a specific, differentiated CD4+ lineage called Th17 (TH-IL17, THi). Recent data suggest that IL-6 contributes to Th17 differentiation. However, to clarify the importance of Th17 cel…

Corrigendum to “A Drosophila model of GDAP1 function reveals the involvement of insulin signalling in the mitochondria-dependent neuromuscular degene…

2019

Intertissue Flow of Glutathione (GSH) as a Tumor Growth-promoting Mechanism

2011

B16 melanoma F10 (B16-F10) cells with high glutathione (GSH) content show high metastatic activity in vivo. An intertissue flow of GSH, where the liver is the main reservoir, can increase GSH content in metastatic cells and promote their growth. We have studied here possible tumor-derived molecular signals that could activate GSH release from hepatocytes. GSH efflux increases in hepatocytes isolated from mice bearing liver or lung metastases, thus suggesting a systemic mechanism. Fractionation of serum-free conditioned medium from cultured B16-F10 cells and monoclonal antibody-induced neutralization techniques facilitated identification of interleukin (IL)-6 as a tumor-derived molecule prom…

Accurate increment identification and the spatial extent of the common signal in fiveArctica islandicachronologies from the Fladen Ground, northern N…

2009

[1] The creation of networks of shell-based chronologies which can provide regionally extensive high-resolution proxies for the marine environment depends on the spatial extent of the common environmental signal preserved in the shell banding and on the reliability of the dating model. Here Arctica islandica chronologies from five neighboring sites in the North Sea are compared, and the strength of the common environmental signal across distances up to 80 km is analyzed using statistical techniques derived from dendrochronology. The signal is found to be coherent across these distances. In a linked study, chronologies based on one of the same sites but constructed by two different research …

The unique skeleton of siliceous sponges (Porifera; Hexactinellida and Demospongiae) that evolved first from the Urmetazoa during the Proterozoic: a …

2007

Abstract. Sponges (phylum Porifera) had been considered as an enigmatic phylum, prior to the analysis of their genetic repertoire/tool kit. Already with the isolation of the first adhesion molecule, galectin, it became clear that the sequences of the sponge cell surface receptors and those of the molecules forming the intracellular signal transduction pathways, triggered by them, share high similarity to those identified in other metazoan phyla. These studies demonstrated that all metazoan phyla, including the Porifera, originate from one common ancestor, the Urmetazoa. The sponges evolved during a time prior to the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary (542 million years ago (myr)). They appeared du…

Identification of highly conserved genes: SNZ and SNO in the marine sponge Suberites domuncula: their gene structure and promoter activity in mammali…

2001

Abstract Recently, we reported that cells from the sponge Suberites domuncula respond to ethylene with an increase in intracellular Ca 2+ level [Ca 2+ ] i , and with an upregulation of the expression of (at least) two genes, a Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and the potential ethylene-responsive gene, termed SDSNZERR (A. Krasko, H.C. Schroder, S. Perovic, R. Steffen, M. Kruse, W. Reichert, I.M. Muller, W.E.G. Muller, J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999)). Here, we describe for the first time that also mammalian (3T3) cells respond to ethylene, generated by ethephon, with an immediate and transient, strong increase in [Ca 2+ ] i . Next, the promoter for the sponge SDSNZERR gene was isolated …

Life-history constraints and warning signal expression in an arctiid moth

2007

Summary 1 Traditionally, large pattern elements in conspicuous warning signals are assumed to be selected by predation because increasing signal strength enhances education and avoidance of predators. However, variation in the colour pattern of a warningly coloured species often exists even within a location, and many warning signals have relatively small pattern elements. This suggests that there must be opposing selection pressures that can constrain warning signal expression, resulting in variation in warning signals as well as suboptimal signals for predator education. 2 We quantified the variation in the warning signal of Parasemia plantaginis-moth larvae. With a full-sib rearing exper…

Soluble gp130 is the natural inhibitor of soluble interleukin-6 receptor transsignaling responses

2001

Signal transduction in response to interleukin-6 (IL-6) requires binding of the cytokine to its receptor (IL-6R) and subsequent homodimerization of the signal transducer gp130. The complex of IL-6 and soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) triggers dimerization of gp130 and induces responses on cells that do not express membrane bound IL-6R. Naturally occurring soluble gp130 (sgp130) can be found in a ternary complex with IL-6 and sIL-6R. We created recombinant sgp130 proteins that showed binding to IL-6 in complex with sIL-6R and inhibited IL-6/sIL-6R induced proliferation of BAF/3 cells expressing gp130. Surprisingly, sgp130 proteins did not affect IL-6 stimulated proliferation of BAF/3 cells expressing …

Signals regulating neurotrophin expression in glial cells

2001

An Energy Blockchain, a Use Case on Tendermint

2018

The recent advances in distributed energy systems require new models for exchanging energy among prosumers in microgrids. The blockchain technology promises to solve the digital issues related to distributed systems without a trusted authority and to allow quick and secure energy transactions, which are verified and cryptographically protected. Transactions are approved and subsequently recorded on all the machines participating in the blockchain. This work demonstrates how users, which are nodes of the energy and digital networks, exchange energy supported by a customized blockchain based on Tendermint. We focus on the procedures for generating blocks and defining data structures for stori…