Search results for "Small"

Political Patronage in a Small Italian Local Government: An Outcome-Based DPM Approach on Fiduciary Practices

Corruption is “the abuse of public office for personal gain” (World Bank, 1997: 8). Although this definition captures a broad notion of corrupt behaviour, many forms of corruption actually occur in small municipalities each reflecting context-specific features and dynamics. Their impacts are rather evident, but their cause-effects relationships are not always clear, so that tangled issues may ineluctably arise without an apparent explanation. As such, a systemic focus is needed in order to gain an insightful understanding of particular configurations of malfeasance at local level in the attempt to hinder them in the future. The aim of this research project is to explore the dynamic relation…

Overcoming Barriers to Transnational Organizing Through Identity Work : Finnish-Estonian Trade Union Cooperation

2018

This article analyses a project by Finnish and Estonian unions to adopt ‘organizing model’ strategies through establishing the transnational ‘Baltic Organising Academy’. Initially aimed at Estonian workplaces, successful campaigns inspired Finnish unions to copy the model in Finland. This cooperation was originally motivated by labour market interdependence between the two countries, and the failure of past social-partnership oriented union strategies in Estonia. The willingness of Finnish and Estonian unions to commit resources to transnational cooperation around an ‘organizing model’ marks a dramatic departure from the unions’ previous strategies. This change was accomplished by transnati…

Otsoniaineiston analysointi lineaarisella tila-avaruusmallilla

2014

Tutkielma käsittelee yläilmakehän otsonimäärän mallintamista lineaarisella tila-avaruusmallilla. Ilmakehän otsonimäärä vaihtelee vuodenajan mukaan ja lisäksi tunnetaan joitakin luonnollisia tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat otsonimäärään. Tämän lisäksi erilaiset ihmisen toiminnan vuoksi ilmakehässä lisääntyneet aineet aiheuttavat muutoksia otsonimäärässä. Aiemmin otsonimäärää on mallinnettu yleistettyjen lineaaristen mallien avulla. Tila-avaruusmallit ovat kuitenkin huomattavasti monipuolisempia malleja, joilla voidaan hyvin mallintaa ajassa tapahtuvaa kehitystä. Mallin sovittamisessa käytetään modernia MCMC-algoritmia. Aineistona käytetään kahden eri satelliitti-instrumentin havaintoja otsonimä…

First-Line Treatments for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Plus Chemotherapy: A Network Meta-Analysis and Cos…

2022

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus chemotherapy were unlikely to be considered cost-effective compared with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in China due to its high costs. However, the cost-effectiveness of the comparison between the regimens of ICIs plus chemotherapy were remained unclear yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of ICIs plus chemotherapy as the first-line treatment for ES-SCLC from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.MethodsA network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to indirect compare the clinical benefits between the ICIs plus che…

Moving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors to Early Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review

2022

Simple Summary Moving from the achievements of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic lung cancer, the great promise of immunotherapy in resectable early-stage is to make a disease, often lethal until now for frequent post-surgery relapses, more curable. This review focuses on role of immunotherapy in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. We summarize biological rationale, findings from clinical trials of adjuvant and neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors, questions about biomarkers and choice of endpoints, aiming to provide up-to-date information useful for clinical decision making. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Since prognosis of early-stage …

Structural studies on filamin domain interactions

2015

Metropolin hyvinvointi

2010

Influence of the Cultural Background at Small and Medium Sized-Enterprises Innovations in Regional Dimension

2017

Research background: SME’s play crucial role in economy’s development. In EU they make up 99% of all enterprises and are at the forefront of technological innovations (Kotler et al., 1999, pp. 139-140; EC 2013, p. 2; Jasińska-Biliczak, 2016, p. 30). Being the flywheel for economies (Soininen et. al., 2012, p. 614) are called “hidden champions” of 20th century. Over past few years Europe-wide anal-yses (Griffin, 2004, p. 424) have emphasised the importance of investing in SME’s. Taking into consideration that cultural environment is the background to decisions: social, managerial, development (Hofstede et al., 2011, p. 46), so inno-vations, knowledge, skills and competences as well as cultur…

Cisplatin plus weekly vinorelbine versus cisplatin plus vinorelbine on days 1 and 8 in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective randomized …

2008

Summary Purpose A phase III randomized trial was carried out to compare two schedules of the vinorelbine (VNR)–cisplatin (CDDP) regimen in patients with locally advanced unresectable poor prognosis stage IIIB or metastatic stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and analysis of toxicity, while secondary endpoints included response rates, time-to-progression (TTP) and quality of life (QoL). Patients and methods Eligible patients were randomized to receive: (a) VNR 25 mg/m 2 on day 1, 8 and 15 plus CDDP 100 mg/m 2 on day 1 every 4 weeks or (b) VNR 30 mg/m 2 on day 1 and 8 plus CDDP 80 mg/m 2 on day 1 every 3 weeks. All patients were chemotherapy-n…

Protected but Accessible: Oxygen Activation by a Calixarene-Stabilized Undecagold Cluster

2013

DFT computations show that calixarenes stabilize subnanometer Au11 clusters allowing access of small molecules like O2 to reactive metal sites in the core. Maximum of three dioxygen molecules can bind to the cluster, and they are activated to a superoxo O2(-) state. This study predicts that gold clusters could act as viable oxidation catalysts at ambient conditions based on similar principles as the metal centers in enzymes.