Search results for "Smok"

Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Clozapine With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

1998

Pharmacokinetic interactions of clozapine and its metabolites N-desmethylclozapine and clozapine N-oxide with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluvoxamine and paroxetine were investigated in a prospective study in schizophrenic patients under steady-state conditions. Thirty patients were treated with clozapine at a target dose of 2.5 to 3.0 mg/kg of body weight. After gradual dose escalation, serum concentrations of clozapine and two metabolites were determined twice at 7-day intervals after steady-state conditions had been reached. Then, fluvoxamine (50 mg/day) or paroxetine (20 mg/day) was added in 16 and 14 patients, respectively. Serum concentrations of clozapine and …

Association of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 4 polymorphisms with nicotine dependence in 5500 Germans.

2009

Polymorphisms in the CHRNA4 gene coding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 4 have recently been suggested to play a role in the determination of smoking-related phenotypes. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a genetic association study in three large samples from the German general population (N(1)=1412; N(2)=1855; N(3)=2294). Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CHRNA4 were genotyped in 5561 participants, including 2707 heavily smoking cases (regularly smoking at least 20 cigarettes per day) and 2399 never-smoking controls (or=100 cigarettes over lifetime). We examined associations of the polymorphisms with smoking case-control status and with the extent of nicotin…

Socioeconomic inequalities in the impact of tobacco control policies on adolescent smoking. A multilevel study in 29 European countries

2016

Abstract Introduction There are concerns that tobacco control policies may be less effective in reducing smoking among disadvantaged socioeconomic groups and thus may contribute to inequalities in adolescent smoking. This study examines how the association between tobacco control policies and smoking of 15-year-old boys and girls among 29 European countries varies according to socioeconomic group. Methods Data were used from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2005/2006 comprising 50,338 adolescents aged 15 years from 29 European countries. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of weekly smoking with components of…

High progesterone levels are associated with family history of premature coronary artery disease in young healthy adult men.

2019

Background & aimsThe offspring of patients with premature coronary artery disease (P-CAD) are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease, compared with subjects without a family history (FH) of P-CAD. The increased risk for cardiovascular disease in subjects with FH of early-onset CAD results from unfavorable genetic variants as well as social, behavioral and environmental factors, which are more prevalent in this group. Previous studies have shown that specific sex hormone levels may be associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to compare wide range of biochemical marker levels including i.e. the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating ho…

Pain and swelling after periapical surgery related to oral hygiene and smoking.

2007

Objectives To evaluate pain and swelling during the first week after periapical surgery and its relation to patient age, gender, oral hygiene, and smoking. Study design One hundred two patients (31 men and 71 women) with a mean age of 40.2 years underwent periapical surgery. Age, gender, and oral hygiene and cigarette smoking before and during the postoperative course were noted. Pain and swelling scores were recorded on a descriptive 4-point scale at 2, 6, and 12 hours after surgery, and each day thereafter for 1 week. The data were statistically evaluated for significant differences. Results The highest intensity of pain occurred during the first 48 hours, and swelling peaked on the secon…

Which group of smokers is more vulnerable to the economic crisis?

2016

Objectives: Studies investigating whether smoking increases or decreases during economic downturn provided contrasting results. For the first time, we used direct questions to analyse changes in smoking behaviour due to the 2008 financial crisis, comparing socio-economic characteristics of smokers who changed with those who kept their smoking intensity. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: We used data from three annual surveys conducted in Italy in 2012-2014 on representative samples of te Italian general population aged >_15 years. Results: A total of 1919 current smokers were asked specific questions on the influence of the economic crisis that started in 2008 on their smoking …

Sister chromatid exchange, (SCE), High-Frequency Cells (HFCs) and SCE distribution patterns in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Spanish adult smokers …

2014

According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, smoking tobacco is a major cause of cancer in humans. It causes about half of all male cancer deaths and an ever increasing number of cancer deaths in females. The aim of this study was to establish whether cigarette smoking increases sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in peripheral blood lymphocytes in two Spanish population groups; light and heavy smokers. The mean number of High-Frequency Cells (HFCs) was determined and, the SCE distribution pattern among the chromosomes was analysed represented by a ratio described below. A local sample of 101 adult smokers (n = 48) and non-smokers (n = 53), aged from 18 to 49 years, was studi…

Tobacco: deadly in any form or disguise

2006

Factors related to the quantity of subgingival calculus in proximal root surfaces

1999

The aim of this study was to determine the association between the quantity of subgingival calculus and the following factors: type and severity of periodontal disease, age, gender and tobacco consumption. A sample of 622 periodontal patients was studied. The radiographically detectable subgingival calculus in proximal root surfaces was recorded in periapical radiographs, considering the number of surfaces without calculus and the number of surfaces exhibiting deposits equal or greater than I mm. The association between the subgingival calculus and the factors under study was analyzed by distinct non-parametric tests. A statistically significant association was found between the absence/pre…

Smoking and Physical Activity Trajectories from Childhood to Midlife.

2019

Introduction: Despite substantial interest in the development of health behaviors, there is limited research that has examined the longitudinal relationship between physical activity (PA) and smoking trajectories from youth to adulthood in a Finnish population. This study aimed to identify trajectories of smoking and PA for males and females, and study the relationship between these trajectories from youth to adulthood. Methods: Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify trajectories of smoking and PA separately for males and females among 3355 Finnish adults (52.1% females). Participants&rsquo