Search results for "Smok"
showing 10 items of 769 documents
Cancer causes and prevention: a condensed appraisal in Europe in 2008.
2008
The rising cancer burden in Europe, mainly due to a rapidly ageing population, demands a clear and coordinated response from researchers, oncologists and other physicians, public health professionals and policy-makers. Primary and secondary prevention is the front line in the complex battle against cancer in Europe. To formulate the best strategies in this fight, the major determinants of cancer are summarised in the order of their relative importance in Europe, including tobacco smoking, alcohol, diet, physical activity, occupational factors, environmental factors, infectious agents and genetic and hormonal factors. Furthermore, this paper offers explicit recommendations on individual beha…
Are alcohol intake and smoking associated with mycosis fungoides? A European multicentre case-control study.
2001
The incidence of mycosis fungoides (MF) is low, and the aetiology of the disease is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether wine consumption protects against the disease and whether smoking constitutes a risk factor. This paper is part of the European Rare Cancers Study that tries to determine the risk factors for seven selective rare cancers, including mycosis fungoides, involved in the development of cancer. A multicentre case-control study was conducted in six European countries. Only incident cases with confirmed histology were included in the analysis which include a total of 76 cases of MF and 2899 controls. Wine intake had no protective effect; on the contrary the c…
Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for thymoma - A European case-control study
2019
PURPOSE: Hardly anything is known about the aetiology of thymoma. This paper presents data regarding tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption in relation to thymoma from the first case-control study performed on this rare tumour.METHODS: A European multi-centre case-control study including incident cases aged 35-69 years with thymoma between 1995 and 1997, was conducted in seven countries. A set of controls, used in seven parallel case-control studies by the same research group was used, including population-based controls from five countries and hospital controls with colon cancer from two countries. Altogether 103 cases, accepted by a reference pathologist, 712 colon cancer controls, and 2…
Genetics and Beyond – The Transcriptome of Human Monocytes and Disease Susceptibility
2010
BACKGROUND: Variability of gene expression in human may link gene sequence variability and phenotypes; however, non-genetic variations, alone or in combination with genetics, may also influence expression traits and have a critical role in physiological and disease processes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To get better insight into the overall variability of gene expression, we assessed the transcriptome of circulating monocytes, a key cell involved in immunity-related diseases and atherosclerosis, in 1,490 unrelated individuals and investigated its association with >675,000 SNPs and 10 common cardiovascular risk factors. Out of 12,808 expressed genes, 2,745 expression quantitative trait …
Where There is Smoke There is Fear-Impaired Contextual Inhibition of Conditioned Fear in Smokers
2016
The odds-ratio of smoking is elevated in populations with neuropsychiatric diseases, in particular in the highly prevalent diagnoses of post-traumatic stress and anxiety disorders. Yet, the association between smoking and a key dimensional phenotype of these disorders—maladaptive deficits in fear learning and fear inhibition—is unclear. We therefore investigated acquisition and memory of fear and fear inhibition in healthy smoking and non-smoking participants (N=349, 22% smokers). We employed a well validated paradigm of context-dependent fear and safety learning (day 1) including a memory retrieval on day 2. During fear learning, a geometrical shape was associated with an aversive electric…
Palliative Cancer Patients’ Experiences of Participating in a Lifestyle Intervention Study While Receiving Chemotherapy
2015
Background Lifestyle interventions have promise in terms of their potential health benefits and as an empowerment tool for cancer patients. Nevertheless, documentation of palliative cancer patients experiences of participating in lifestyle interventions remains poor. Objective The objective of this study was to explore how palliative cancer patients experience participation in a feasibility study focusing on multiple lifestyle interventions (physical, nutritional, smoking cessation, and stress management) while receiving chemotherapy. Methods This was a qualitative design with semistructured interviews of 9 palliative cancer patients 3 to 4 months after inclusion to the lifestyle interventi…
Dopamine-modulated aversive emotion processing fails in alcohol-dependent patients.
2013
Negative mood states after alco- hol detoxifi cation may enhance the relapse risk. As recently shown in healthy volunteers, dopamine storage capacity ( V d ) in the left amy- gdala was positively correlated with functional activation in the left amygdala and anterior cin- gulate cortex (ACC) during an emotional task; high functional connectivity between the amy- gdala and the ACC, a region important for emo- tion regulation, was associated with low trait anxiety. Based on these fi ndings, we now tested whether detoxifi ed alcohol-dependent patients have a disrupted modulation of the anterior cin- gulate cortex activation in response to aversive stimuli by amygdala dopamine. Furthermore, we …
A randomized trial assessing the effectiveness of different concentrations of isotretinoin in the management of lichen planus
2004
The aim of our 10-year study was to test the effectiveness of topical therapy based on 0. 18% isotretinoin, comparing it with that most frequently used, i.e. at 0.05% concentration. Seventy patients with an established diagnosis of oral lichen planus were involved in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, and the drug was administered topically at 0.05% and 0. 18% concentrations. The drug at the higher concentration, according to the same protocol, was administered to the patients who did not benefit from the therapy at the lower concentration. None of the cases of reticular lichen planus showed clinical or histological improvement. In contrast, the atrophic-erosive …
Association of Low Striatal Dopamine D2Receptor Availability With Nicotine Dependence Similar to That Seen With Other Drugs of Abuse
2008
All drugs of abuse induce a phasic dopamine release within the striatum that does not undergo habituation. Prolonged substance consumption impairs the natural function of the mesolimbic dopamine system, as shown by a decrease in the availability of striatal dopamine 2 (D(2)) receptors in patients suffering from cocaine, heroin, amphetamine, and alcohol dependence. However, it is unclear whether similar changes can also be observed in heavy-smoking nicotine-dependent smokers.In vivo D(2)/D(3) receptor availability was determined with [ (18)F]fallypride positron emission tomography in 17 heavy-smoking nicotine-dependent subjects and in 21 age-matched never-smoking comparison subjects. The smo…
Diet quality and lifestyle associated with free selected low-energy density diets in a representative Spanish population
2007
Objective: Dietary intake is strongly influenced by the energy density of the diet. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of energy density with diet quality, dietary reference intake (DRI) for energy and lifestyle characteristics in free-living people. Subjects: The subjects were Spanish men (n ¼ 1491) and women (n ¼ 1563) selected in between 1999 and 2000 among the general population according to the 1996 census. Results: A low-energy density diet was significantly associated (Po0.001) with a higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish and white meat as compared to high-energy density diets. More subjects (Po0.001) with a high adherence to low-energy densi…