Search results for "Smoking"

Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and GERD

2018

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is due to the chronic exposure of the esophageal mucosa to acid secretion from the stomach. Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) infection, is a risk factor for the development of peptic ulcer, atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer, and causes various effects on gastric function. The relationship between GERD and H.pylori infection is still subject of debate.Background and aim: In literature no clear causal relationship has been established between GERD and H. pylori infection, although some papers support the onset of esophagitis in patients in whom the infection has been cured. Aim of this work is to review the most recent literature data about the relationshi…

Predictors of tooth loss due to periodontal disease in patients following long‐term periodontal maintenance

2015

The pioneering attempt to characterize the response to periodontal treatment of patients undergoing periodontal maintenance (PM) (Wasserman & Hirschfeld 1988) was soon followed by the first studies on periodontal prognosis (McGuire 1991, McGuire & Nunn 1996a,b, McLeod et al. 1998). Two main conclusions were drawn, which remain generally accepted: establishing a periodontal prognosis is the basis of any treatment plan, and actual knowledge of the predictors of tooth loss (TL) is very limited. An extensive review on the subject noted the heterogeneity of the studies and the scarce information that could be drawn from them (Chambrone et al. 2010). Several statistical models analysing the predi…

Illness perception, mood and coping strategies in allergic rhinitis: are there differences among ARIA classes of severity?

2014

Background: This study was designed to assess if illness perception, mood state and coping strategies differ according to allergic rhinitis (AR) persistence and severity. Methods: Illness perception, mood profiles, coping behaviors and rhinitis symptoms were assessed by means of validated tools inpatients classified according to the Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines. Results: Two hundred and thirty-one patients underwent data analysis. No difference in age, sex, socio-economic status, smoking habits was detected comparing patients according to AR severity, duration or 4 ARIA classes. Patients with intermittent AR reported higher scores than those with persistent A…

Severity of dependence modulates smokers' neuronal cue reactivity and cigarette craving elicited by tobacco advertisement

2010

Smoking-related cues elicit craving and mesocorticolimbic brain activation in smokers. Severity of nicotine dependence seems to moderate cue reactivity, but the direction and mechanisms of its influence remains unclear. Although tobacco control policies demand a ban on tobacco advertising, cue reactivity studies in smokers so far have not employed tobacco advertisement as experimental stimuli. We investigated whether tobacco advertisement elicits cue reactivity at a behavioral (subjective craving) and a neural level (using functional magnetic resonance imaging) in 22 smokers and 21 never-smokers. Moreover, we studied the influence of severity of dependence on cue reactivity. In smokers, tob…

COPD in elderly patients – an analysis of the DACCORD observational study

2018

Introduction: In elderly patients COPD is frequently complicated by the presence of several comorbidities and the many non-COPD-related medications prescribed to treat these conditions. This analysis aims to characterize COPD patients above the age of 75 in a real-world cohort in Germany. Methods: DACCORD is a prospective, non-interventional study collecting data from COPD patients treated in primary and secondary care. Prior to study entry, patients either initiated or changed COPD maintenance medication. Moderate/severe exacerbations, COPD-medication and non-COPD medication were documented at baseline and every 3 months. Comorbidities were documented at baseline. Results: Baseline charact…

Association between prenatal maternal cigarette smoking and early childhood caries. A systematic review.

2017

Background The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between prenatal maternal cigarette smoking (PMCS) and early childhood caries (ECC) through a systematic review of currently available scientific evidence. Material and methods To address the focused question: "Is there an association between PMCS and ECC?" an electronic literature search without time or language restrictions was conducted till May 2017 in indexed databases using various key words including dental caries, pregnancy, smoking, tobacco products and child. Letters to the editor, commentaries, reviews, case reports and case series and studies in which, ECC was investigated without clinical dental examination,…

Protective effect of smoking: misleading use of statistics.

2004

Lifestyle, psychological, socioeconomic and environmental factors and their impact on hypertension during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

2020

SUMMARY: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic considerably affects health, wellbeing, social, economic and other aspects of daily life. The impact of COVID-19 on blood pressure (BP) control and hypertension remains insufficiently explored. We therefore provide a comprehensive review of the potential changes in lifestyle factors and behaviours as well as environmental changes likely to influence BP control and cardiovascular risk during the pandemic. This includes the impact on physical activity, dietary patterns, alcohol consumption and the resulting consequences, for example increases in body weight. Other risk factors for increases in BP and cardiovascular risk such as smoking…

Comparison between two five year periods (1998/2002 and 2003/2007) on the production, impact and co-authorship of publications on tobacco and smoking…

2010

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to compare the production, impact and co-authorship of publications by Spanish authors on smoking and tobacco between two time periods (1998/2002 vs. 2003/2007) using Science Citation Index (SCI). Methods The literature search was performed in the SCI-Expanded on 20 November 2008. All types of documents by Spanish authors were selected. The search was restricted to the title, and the key words used were “smok*” and “tobac*”. The statistical analysis was descriptive (95% CI). Results A total of 588 documents were retrieved, with 399 (67.85%) original papers, 54 (9.18%) letters to the editor and 35 (5.95%) editorials. Productivity increased from th…

[Spanish productivity in smoking research relative to world and European union productivity from 1999 through 2003, analyzed with the science citatio…

2007

Objective To analyze Spanish scientific productivity from 1999 through 2003 in the area of smoking research, in comparison with world and European Union research, based on data in the Science Citation Index (SCI). Material and methods This bibliometric study was carried out by searching the title field of the Science Citation Index Expanded. Descriptive statistics with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were compiled. Results Two-hundred ninety-two documents on smoking by Spanish authors were located. The most productive subspecialties were the group comprised of public health, education and health economics with 57 articles, and areas of the respiratory system, experimental research, and intern…