Search results for "Smoking"
showing 10 items of 641 documents
Third-hand smoke exposure and health hazards in children
2013
Smoking still represents a huge public health problem. Millions of children suffer the detrimental effects of passive smoking. An increasing number of countries have recently issued laws to regulate smoking in public places. Instead, homes remain a site where children are dangerously exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The combination of tobacco smoke pollutants which remain in an indoor environment, the so-called ‘third-hand smoke’ (THS), represent a new concept in the field of tobacco control. THS consists of pollutants that remain on surfaces and in dust after tobacco has been smoked, are re-emitted into the gas-phase, or react with other compounds in the environment to form se…
Tabaquismo en sanitarios. Identificación de factores asociados
1998
The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiology of smoking among health care givers in our setting and to describe their characteristics. We gave an anonymous questionnaire to 566 health care workers in the Valencian Community (248 physicians, 212 nurses and 106 aides). The results were as follows. Physicians: 46.4% were smokers, 25.4% were non smokers and 28.2% were ex-smokers. Most (69.3%) smoked 11 to 20 cigarettes/day. Low scores on Fagerstrom's test were recorded for 93%, and 57.3% have tried to quit smoking more than 5 times. The likelihood of being and ex-smoker increased with age (r = 0.158; p = 0.012) and with the number of attempts to quit (r = 0.170; p = 0.021). Nur…
COVID-19 y tabaquismo: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de la evidencia
2021
RESUMEN Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio ha sido responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Se asocia el consumo de tabaco en pacientes con Covid-19 con una progresión negativa y desenlace adverso de la enfermedad? y, ¿se asocia el consumo de tabaco, actual y pasado, a una mayor posibilidad de desarrollar COVID-19? Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática (RS) y metaanálisis (MA) de trabajos publicados previamente. La estrategia de búsqueda incluyó todos los descriptores conocidos sobre Covid-19 y tabaco y se realizó en diferentes bases de datos. Se utilizaron modelos estadísticos adecuados para abordar el tamaño del efecto en un metaanálisis: modelo de efectos aleatorios y de e…
A comprehensive evaluation of potential lung function associated genes in the SpiroMeta general population sample
2011
Lung function measures are heritable traits that predict population morbidity and mortality and are essential for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Variations in many genes have been reported to affect these traits, but attempts at replication have provided conflicting results. Recently, we undertook a meta-analysis of Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) results for lung function measures in 20,288 individuals from the general population (the SpiroMeta consortium). OBJECTIVES: To comprehensively analyse previously reported genetic associations with lung function measures, and to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genomic regions…
Low physical activity and its association with diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors: a nationwide, population-based study
2016
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM; ISCIII Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion); Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo; Spanish Diabetes Society (SED)
The neurobiological bases for the pharmacotherapy of nicotine addiction.
2007
Nicotine, the major psychoactive agent present in tobacco, acts as a potent addictive drug both in humans and laboratory animals, whose locomotor activity is also stimulated. A large body of evidence indicates that the locomotor activation and the reinforcing effects of nicotine may be related to its stimulatory effects on the mesolimbic dopaminergic function. Thus, it is now well established that nicotine can increase in vivo DA outflow in the nucleus accumbens and the corpus striatum. The stimulatory effect of nicotine on DA release most probably results from its ability to excite the neuronal firing rate and to increase the bursting activity of DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars com…
Annual effective dose and excess life time cancer risk assessment from tobacco plants
2019
Cigarette smoking is one of the pathways that might cause radiation exposure due to the presence of radioactive elements in tobacco leaves used in the manufacture of cigarettes. From the health point of view, the knowledge of radioactivity content of the various radionuclides in tobacco leaves and their derivative products is important to assess the radiological effects associated with tobacco smoking for smokers. In this work, naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K and man-made 137Cs were measured in tobacco using gamma-ray spectrometry. Results show that the average concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K vary from 4.30 ± 0.2 to 11.85 ± 0.7 (average 8.17), 1.35 ± 0.1 to 16.…
Premeditated automaticity : the role of explicit cognition in the development of obsessive smoking
2010
- Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of explicit cognitions in relation to the development of obsessive smoking passion. Data derives from a longitudinal internet survey conducted among 939 daily smokers over a period of four months. Mental representations were the strongest predictor of obsessive smoking passion (ß=.47, p<.001) followed by habit strength (ß=.25, p<.001) and number of cigarettes smoked (ß=.09, p<.01). Altogether the variables accounted for 48% of the variance in obsessive smoking passion. The results indicated that mental representations, along with automatic processes, play an important role in the prediction of obsessive smoking passion. The…
Exercise and Smoking : A Literature Overview
2015
The purpose of this review is to summarize the more recent research findings regarding the relationship between exercise and smoking behavior. Reviewed studies have been presented according to themes and research design types. Initially cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies have been reviewed in order to map findings regarding the correlations between those two behaviors. Moreover, studies exploring variables that function as mediators or moderators between smoking and exercise relationship have been included. Then studies examining the possible preventive effects of exercise on smoking behavior for adolescents are reviewed and implications for developing effective preven…
La diabetes mellitus y el riesgo cardiovascular. ¿Es necesario el tratamiento integral de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y los factores de riesgo cardio…
2010
ResumenLas enfermedades cardiovasculares (CV) son la primera causa de muerte en la población española, tanto en personas diabéticas como no diabéticas. En la diabetes, la enfermedad CV es entre 2 y 4 veces más frecuente, más precoz y más agresiva. Con las medidas actuales se puede llegar a una prevención del ∼50% de la enfermedad CV. Los factores de riesgo CV en la diabetes son la hipertensión arterial (HTA), la dislipemia, el tabaquismo, la obesidad y el sedentarismo. Más del 80% de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 presenta HTA y dislipemia, y aproximadamente un 15% sigue fumando. Pero menos de un 10% tiene todos estos factores controlados. Aunque la dislipemia es el factor más condicionante …