Search results for "Social Medicine"

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults.

2019

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3,4,5,6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions—w…

BMI and an anthropometry-based estimate of fat mass percentage are both valid discriminators of cardiometabolic risk: A comparison with DXA and bioim…

2013

Objective. To determine whether categories of obesity based on BMI and an anthropometry-based estimate of fat mass percentage (FM% equation) have similar discriminative ability for markers of cardiometabolic risk as measurements of FM% by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bioimpedance analysis (BIA).Design and Methods. A study of 40–79-year-old male (n=205) and female (n=388) Finns. Weight, height, blood pressure, triacylglycerols, HDL cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were measured. Body composition was assessed by DXA and BIA and a FM%-equation.Results. For grade 1 hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and impaired fasting glucose >6.1 mmol/L, the categories of obesity as defined b…

Socio-medicinal aspects of vibration-induced white finger disease

2008

The influence of vibration-induced white finger disease on the quality of life and possible social consequences is the subject of the study presented herein.The data acquisition was carried out by means of a standardized questionnaire. Parameters such as quality of life, professional practice, prevention and social security were assessed among other things.Nearly three quarters of the interviewees (n = 115) did not consult a physician with the occurrence of the first complaints. Physicians frequently made the correct diagnosis only with delay. From the first occurrence of symptoms to the acknowledgment as an occupational disease 0.5-34.5 years had usually elapsed. The quality of life affect…

Lifestyle Habits and Mental Health in Light of the Two COVID-19 Pandemic Waves in Sweden, 2020

2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a public health emergency of international concern, which may have affected lifestyle habits and mental health. Based on national health profile assessments, this study investigated perceived changes of lifestyle habits in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and associations between perceived lifestyle changes and mental health in Swedish working adults. Among 5599 individuals (50% women, 46.3 years), the majority reported no change (sitting 77%, daily physical activity 71%, exercise 69%, diet 87%, alcohol 90%, and smoking 97%) due to the pandemic. Changes were more pronounced during the first wave (April–June) compared to the second (October–December). Women,…

Social factors associated with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure during pregnancy: The INMA-Valencia project in Spain

2011

Numerous studies have focused on the effects of exposure to air pollution on health: however, certain subsets of the population tend to be more exposed to such pollutants depending on their social or demographic characteristics. In addition, exposure to toxicants during pregnancy may play a deleterious role in fetal development as fetuses are especially vulnerable to external insults. The present study was carried out within the framework of the INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente or Childhood and the Environment) multicenter cohort study with the objective of identifying the social, demographic, and lifestyle factors associated with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure in the subjects in the cohort…

Does self‐compassion help to deal with dietary lapses among overweight and obese adults who pursue weight‐loss goals?

2021

Objectives Self-compassion can facilitate self-improvement motivation. We examined the effects of self-compassion in response to dietary lapses on outcomes relevant to weight-loss strivings using a longitudinal design. The indirect effects of self-compassion via guilt and shame were also explored. Design An Ecological Momentary Assessment methodology was employed with a sample of adults who were overweight or obese attempting to lose weight via dietary restriction (N = 56; Mage = 34.88; SD = 13.93; MBMI = 32.50; SD = 6.88) and who responded to brief surveys sent to their mobile phones twice daily for two weeks. Methods Dietary temptations and lapses were assessed at each diary entry, and se…

Bier oder Branntwein?: Tatsachen und Erwägungen

1925

Low Carbohydrate Diet (SCD/GAPS) for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

2019

Objective of the study was to investigate the potential of low carbohydrate diet (SCD/ and supplements in reducing some autistic spectrum disorder ASD symptoms in children.

Veselīga dzīve: cilvēka organisma uzbūve un kopšana

1950

Nosaukums uz grāmatas vāka: "Veselīga dzīve: cilvēka organisma iekārta un kopšana".

Computational Models That Matter During a Global Pandemic Outbreak

2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a dramatic loss of lives worldwide, challenging the sustainability of our health care systems, threatening economic meltdown, and putting pressure on the mental health of individuals (due to social distancing and lock-down measures). The pandemic is also posing severe challenges to the scientific community, with scholars under pressure to respond to policymakers’ demands for advice despite the absence of adequate, trusted data. Understanding the pandemic requires fine-grained data representing specific local conditions and the social reactions of individuals. While experts have built simulation models to estimate disease trajectories that may be enough to gu…