Search results for "Social determinants of health"
showing 10 items of 75 documents
INVESTIGATION INTO THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF MATERNAL HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED DYSBIOSIS ON OFFSPRING BRAIN AND METABOL…
2021
Genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions, contribute to the etiology and pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The clinical heterogeneity and phenotypic variability in patients with NDDs have made identification of causal mechanisms contributing to their onset difficult. Yet, unraveling the underlying causes of NDDs is essential to the development of appropriate preventive/therapeutic strategies. Maternal obesity is considered one of the main nongenetic risk factors for NDDs in progeny. We and others have found that high-fat (HF) obesogenic diets in both humans and animal models induce significant modifications in ma…
Health Inequities in LGBT People and Nursing Interventions to Reduce Them: A Systematic Review.
2021
Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people present poorer mental and physical health results compared to the heterosexual and cisgender population. There are barriers in the healthcare system that increase these health inequities. Objective: To synthesise the available evidence on how nurses can intervene in reducing health inequities in LGBT people, identifying their specific health needs and describing their experiences and perceptions of the barriers they face in the healthcare system. Methods: Systematic review. Between March and April 2021, a bibliographic search was carried out in the Cuiden, LILACS, PubMed, Dialnet, SciELO, Trip Database, and Web of Science dat…
Engaging People and Co-Producing Research with Persons and Communities to Foster Person-Centred Care: A Meta-Synthesis
2021
Introduction: Engagement and co-production in healthcare research and innovation are crucial for delivering person-centred interventions in underserved communities, but the knowledge of effective strategies to target this population is still vague, limiting the provision of person-centred care. Our research aimed to identify essential knowledge to foster engagement and co-production. Materials and Methods: A meta-synthesis research design was used to compile existing qualitative research papers on health communication, engagement, and empowerment in vulnerable groups in high-income countries (HICs) from 2008 to 2018. A total of 23 papers were selected and analysed. Results: ‘Design and recr…
Kommunalt folkehelsearbeid for å redusere sosial ulikhet i helse : En kvalitativ studie av hvordan tre norske kommuner innretter det systematiske fol…
2019
Master's Thesis Public Health Science ME516 - University of Agder 2019 Background and aim: The purpose of this project was to study how municipalitieswork tooreducesocial inequalitiesin the local community.Studies have indicated that there exist a multitude of solutionsin how municipalities address thistopic.The last couple of years studies have indicated that an increasingnumberofmunicipalitiesaddress social determinants of health, compared to traditional lifestylessolutionsas nutrition, physical activityand drugs.A variety of studies have also indicated thatmunicipal structure, capacityand collaboration with external actors affects inwhat degree municipalities implement a systematic publi…
Mapping disparities in education across low- and middle-income countries
2020
Educational attainment is an important social determinant of maternal, newborn, and child health1–3. As a tool for promoting gender equity, it has gained increasing traction in popular media, international aid strategies, and global agenda-setting4–6. The global health agenda is increasingly focused on evidence of precision public health, which illustrates the subnational distribution of disease and illness7,8; however, an agenda focused on future equity must integrate comparable evidence on the distribution of social determinants of health9–11. Here we expand on the available precision SDG evidence by estimating the subnational distribution of educational attainment, including the proporti…
Tooth loss in middle-aged adults with diabetes and hypertension: Social determinants, health perceptions, oral impact on daily performance (OIDP) and…
2018
Background This study aimed to explore the association between tooth loss and social determinants, health self-perceptions, OIDP and self-concept of dental treatment need in middle-aged adults with diabetes and hypertension. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was developed with 212 hypertensive and diabetic middle-aged adults (50-65 years). Data were collected from clinical examinations (DMFT) and a questionnaire regarding socioeconomic status, dental health assistance, self-perceptions of oral and general health, OIDP, and the self-concept of dental treatment need. Tooth loss was dichotomized considering the cutoff point of 12 (Model I) or 24 missing teeth (Model II). Data were a…
Early life determinants of frailty in old age : the Helsinki Birth Cohort Stud
2018
Background there is evidence suggesting that several chronic diseases have their origins in utero and that development taking place during sensitive periods may affect the aging process. We investigated whether early life determinants would be associated with frailty in old age. Methods at a mean age of 71 years, 1,078 participants belonging to the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study were assessed for frailty according to the Fried frailty criteria. Early life measurements (birth weight, length, mother body mass index [BMI] and parity) were obtained from birth, child welfare and school health records. Multinomial regression analysis was used to assess the association between early life determinants…
Socioeconomic Status, Health and Life-Style Settings as Psychosocial Risk Factors for Road Crashes in Young People: Assessing the Colombian Case
2021
The social determinants of health influence both psychosocial risks and protective factors, especially in high-demanding contexts, such as the mobility of drivers and non-drivers. Recent evidence suggests that exploring socioeconomic status (SES), health and lifestyle-related factors might contribute to a better understanding of road traffic crashes (RTCs). Thus, the aim of this study was to construct indices for the assessment of crash rates and mobility patterns among young Colombians who live in the central region of the country. The specific objectives were developing SES, health and lifestyle indices, and assessing the self-reported RTCs and mobility features depending on these indices…
Italian Deprivation Index and Dental Caries in 12-Year-Old Children: A Multilevel Bayesian Analysis
2014
Evidence from the literature has shown that people with a lower socioeconomic status enjoy less good health than people with a higher socioeconomic status. The Italian deprivation index (DI) was used with the aim to evaluate the association between the DMFT index and risk factors for dental caries, including city population and DI. The study included 4,305 12-year-old children living in 38 cities classified by demographic size as small, midsize and large. Zero-inflated negative binomial multilevel regression models were used to assess risk factors for DMFT and to address excess of zero DMFT and overdispersion through a Bayesian approach. The difference in the average level of DMFT among chi…
Leisure‐time physical activity and participation in organized sports: Changes from 1985 to 2014 in Finland and Norway
2019
Participation in organized sports is a popular and important part of the lives of children and adolescents and is associated with improved psychological and social health, as well as an increased likelihood of meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations. Changes in modern society, including increased car ownership and use of technology and electronic media, have led to an additional focus on the importance of health‐enhancing PA among children and adolescents. The aim of this article was to study the secular changes in self‐reports of participation in organized sports clubs and leisure‐time vigorous physical activity (LVPA), and whether the relationship between participation in organized…