Search results for "Social inequality"
showing 10 items of 85 documents
Social Inequality in French Education : Extent and Complexity of the Issues
2007
Educational inequality is a matter of acute concern in France as it is in most democratic countries. We rely on schools to assess the skill levels of all students and on this basis to guide them into employment in a way which is impartial and independent of their social origins. However, since the end of the 1960s, French sociology has very cogently denounced sharp and persistent inequalities both in access to different levels of education and in academic success understood more narrowly. This critique took the form of a general theory, presented by Bourdieu and Passeron in 1970 in Reproduction, which made social inequalities a necessary outcome of the way in which school systems worked.
L'influence de l'origine sociale sur les performances scolaires : par où passe-t-elle ?
2006
Using PISA 2000 data, this study presents an international comparison of the way social origin influences reading comprehension performances, looking at a variety of variables, some external to the school system, others internal. A variable's effect is strong in proportion to the strength of its association to father's occupation and degree to which it favors performance. The study uses the method of path analysis to distinguish between these two aspects. The French situation is presented, then compared to twelve other European Union countries. In all countries, social origin influences performance much more strongly through external variables than variables internal to the educational syst…
Facilitators of and Barriers to Sustainable Development in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Descriptive Exploratory Study in Romania
2021
In the context of growing concerns regarding the deterioration of the environment and the increase in social inequalities, the concept of sustainability emerged as a response of companies, in order to contribute to community goodwill. The drivers and obstacles for the businesses engaging in sustainable policies have been explored at large by scientific literature. However, research gaps were observed, namely regarding SMEs, that tend to have a less formal and more fragmented approach to sustainability. The goal of our study is to determine the main barriers and facilitators for sustainability that Romanian SMEs face, and the connections between them and with the firms’ characteristics. Our …
The benefits of inclusive education: new challenges for university teachers
2017
Inclusive education is a child’s right, not a privilege. The amount of current attention given to children and to childhood is unprecedented. In a world affected by financial crises, attitudes about children’s needs are very important. Recent years have seen innovations in the focus of research, as political moves that challenge the ways different children have been excluded and silenced. Inclusive education is a real and urgent need for all educational systems around the world. Inside our university, the Teachers Training Department needs to take serious measures to create a professional environment for all the students involved in the initial training for becoming teachers at all levels. …
Ekonomia polityczna pandemii. Czy kryzys zagrozi współczesnemu kapitalizmowi?
2021
Tezą artykułu jest twierdzenie, iż obecna sytuacja kryzysowa w obszarze zdrowia publicznego nie musi oznaczać analogicznego kryzysu w sferze gospodarczej, czyli kapitalizmu neoliberalnego. Zakładamy, że obecna sytuacja, jaką stanowią warunki pandemiczne, współgra z gospodarką kapitalistyczną, wskutek czego system ten jawi się jako stabilny i efektywny jednocześnie. W naszym artykule prezentujemy dialektyczny ogląd ideologicznych aspektów pandemicznej rzeczywistości, który koreluje z twierdzeniem o uspołecznieniu kosztów i prywatyzacji zysków procesów ekonomiczno-politycznych
Considerations on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Romania's Accession to the European Union
2015
Abstract After nine years from Romania's accession to the European Union, the advantages are sustained with specific statistical markers, which could have been more positive if the effect of certain identified causes (reduced administrative ability, political instability, extended corruption, high tax evasion etc.) would have been diminished. Counterbalancing the benefits of the accession the opinion polls show the disadvantages. If a poll conducted four years prior to the accession showed that 66% of Romania's population considered that the accession to the European Union would produce positive effects, after six years from the accession things have reversed and 58% of Romanians considered…
Parenthood and gender inequality : Population-based evidence on the child penalty in Finland
2019
This study presents evidence on the effect of parenthood on labor market outcomes in Finland. We use population-based data drawn from administrative registers and an event study design centered around the birth of the first child using the specification proposed in Kleven et al. (2019b). The study confirms that women encounter large short- and long-term child penalties in gross labor earnings and that penalties are associated with employment participation. Taxes and social security transfers considerably reduce the child penalty, which also varies by the number of children. peerReviewed
Free school meals as an opportunity to target social equality, healthy eating, and school functioning: experiences from students and teachers in Norw…
2021
Background There are no national arrangements for free school meals provision in Norway despite this being an important opportunity to improve children's and adolescents' nutritional status and ultimately their physical and cognitive development. During a one academic year (2014-2015), a group of Norwegian sixth graders were served a free healthy school meal in a project called 'The School Meal Project'. Objective To explore students' and teachers' experiences of receiving free school meals after the free school meal in 2015 and 5 years later. Design In-depth, semi-structured interviews with separate groups in 2015 and in 2020 were conducted face to face or via telephone or digital platform…
Structural Discrimination in Physical Education. The “Encounter” Between the (White) Norwegian Teaching Content in Physical Education Lessons and Fem…
2021
Background: Throughout society, including in the field of sports and physical education (PE), there are extensive debates on racism and structural racism. Researchers have found that students of color experience racial stereotyping and discrimination in PE. Studies also show that PE teaching practices reflect a masculine culture, emphasizing traditional (Western) competitive male sports and physical fitness practices, while marginalizing female students of color. Simultaneously these students also negotiate, resist, and operate as visible agents within these practices. While previous research has tended toward focusing on the experiences (of discrimination) from the perspective of students …
Public Health Policy to Tackle Social Health Inequalities: A Balancing Act Between Competing Institutional Logics
2020
Kvale and colleagues examine the logics of Norwegian government initiatives to respond to social inequalities in health. Whereas the individualist logic favors bounded and specialized measures and organization, the collectivist logic favors broad approaches and organizational coordination. A content analysis of Norwegian health policy documents between 2003 and 2017 shows how such specialized and integrative measures and structures are alternately introduced and hence create a pattern of priorities to tackle public health challenges alternating between a collectivist and an individualist logic. They argue that reform of service coordination to tackle social inequalities in health requires a…