Search results for "Social psychology"

INFORMACIÓN Y EXPOSICIÓN INDIRECTA PARA REDUCIR ESTEREOTIPOS HACIA EL ENVEJECIMIENTO

2016

Abstract.Purpose: The Image that society has about older people has been built on a base of stereotypes, far away from reality. This social image will have a determinant influence on attitudes and behaviors from all those people related with them, including health care professionals. It should be mandatory to eradicate negative stereotypes against aging during university formation, and in this practice get sensitive professionals who will attend people in their final state of life. Method: the treatment “Information plus indirect experience” was set throw the viewing of the short film “Como un Rolling” (Castilla, 2013). This film exposes the concept of active aging, and had the purpose to b…

Knowledge, Awareness And Perceptions Of Females On Clandestine Abortion In Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana

2016

Clandestine Abortion will continue to be an integral part of human society as long as people continue to accept and engage in sexual activities without being prepared to give birth. Despite the risks (death and other health complication) involved in clandestine abortion, people continue to engage in the act. The central inquiry is; why do people continue to do clandestine abortions despite its associated risk? Do people have knowledge on abortion concerning its legalities and associated risks? This paper thus seeks to clarify the above questions by examining the knowledge, awareness and perceptions of females on abortion, with focus on clandestine abortion in the Kintampo North Municipality…

2021

Scholarly journals are often blamed for a gender gap in publication rates, but it is unclear whether peer review and editorial processes contribute to it. This article examines gender bias in peer review with data for 145 journals in various fields of research, including about 1.7 million authors and 740,000 referees. We reconstructed three possible sources of bias, i.e., the editorial selection of referees, referee recommendations, and editorial decisions, and examined all their possible relationships. Results showed that manuscripts written by women as solo authors or coauthored by women were treated even more favorably by referees and editors. Although there were some differences between…

Understanding the placebo effect from an evolutionary perspective

2013

Abstract A placebo is a treatment which is not effective through its direct action on the body, but works because of its effect on the patient's beliefs. From an evolutionary perspective, it is initially puzzling why, if people are capable of recovering, they need a placebo to do so. Based on an argument put forward by Humphrey [Great expectations: the evolutionary psychology of faith-healing and the placebo effect. In: Humphrey, N (2002). The mind made flesh. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 255–285], we present simple mathematical models of the placebo effect that involve a trade-off between the costs and benefits of allocating resources to a current problem. These models show why the eff…

On the consistency of liking scores : insights from a study including 917 consumers from 10 to 80 years old

2004

Preference for 7 orange juices was recorded monadically. Three of the samples were replicates of the same juice (RJ). The 4 other samples were RJ slightly spiked with either sucrose, or citric acid, or quinine or an orange flavor. Each subject then performed a paired preference test composed of RJ and the modified juice whose score was the furthest from the RJ score. Finally, subjects were asked to choose one among 8 reasons why they preferred that sample. A number of individual statistics were computed in order to compare the consistency of liking scores within session, across ages and between genders. Women were slightly more consistent than men. However, no significant effect of age nor …

Impact of the information provided to consumers on their willingness to pay for Champagne : comparison with hedonic scores

2002

International audience; L'étude a été effectuée afin de comparer deux mécanismes destinés à révéler les préférences des consommateurs : une enchère Vickrey qui mesure la disposition à payer, et un test hédonique classique. A travers ces deux méthodes, l'objectif était d'estimer les effets respectifs des caractéristiques sensorielles et de l'information externe sur l'évaluation de cinq champagnes brut non millésimés. Cent-ving-trois consommateurs ont été assignés au hasard aux deux groupes et ont utilisé l'une des méthodes. Quelle que soit la méthode, ils ont évalué les champagnes à l'aveugle, puis sur la base d'une présentation des bouteilles et, enfin, après l'observation de la bouteille e…

Athletic abs or big bellies:The impact of imagery, arousal levels, and health consciousness on consumers’ attitudes towards plant-based protein produ…

2021

Abstract Research suggests that health-related imagery influences consumers’ product attitudes, and that both appetitive, positively framed and aversive, negatively framed imagery can be used to boost health-related responses. Arousal has been suggested as a mechanism driving such responses, but few studies in food-related consumer research have examined the link between arousal and consumers’ product attitudes. The present cross-national study, involving almost 1000 consumers (N = 959) from Denmark, Germany, Spain, and the UK, experimentally investigated whether prior exposure to healthy (vs. unhealthy) imagery influences consumers’ attitudes towards a plant-based protein product. Furtherm…

Dynamics of liking for flavoured crackers: Test of predictive value of a boredom test

1998

Abstract The principal aim of this study was to compare two experimental conditions for measuring the effect of repeated consumption on liking: a laboratory boredom test and a home use test. Another goal was to investigate the impact of perceived familiarity, appropriateness and complexity on the dynamics of liking. Two groups of consumers were recruited, one for each condition. Five variants of salty crackers, each with a different flavour, were tested. The laboratory condition did not show any difference in the dynamics of liking among the flavours. The home condition revealed a significant increase in liking for only one flavour. This increase could not be related to the level of complex…

Traditional process: influence on sensory properties and on consummers' expectation and liking application to "pâté de campagne"

2000

Abstract Sensory profiling of eight ‘pâtes de campagne’, of which four were produced according to a traditional process and four produced according to a non traditional process, was performed by a trained panel. Results revealed some sensory particularities of each process but also sensory differences among the eight products which were not related to the process. Expectations created by two labels, one evoking a traditional and one evoking a non traditional process for ‘pâte de campagne’, were determined for 125 consumers. The impact of these expectations on expectation after visual examination and on liking after tasting was also studied, using the same eight products. The impact of infor…

Could selection tests detect the future performance of descriptive panellists ?

1996

Abstract This paper discusses the appropriateness of screening tests in explaining descriptive panellist performances. It is based on a case study aimed at forming a descriptive panel capable of flavour profiling Camembert cheeses. Eighteen subjects were selected using four sensory tasks evaluating smell sensitivities, olfactory knowledge, odour memory and descriptive ability. Three additional tests were proposed during the 45 hour training to evaluate the recognition memory for odours, the concentration and the verbal creativity abilities. Panellist performances were determined on repeatability and discrimination abilities, and on the complexity of the individual sensory space. Some signif…