Search results for "Sociality"
showing 10 items of 84 documents
Mètode multinivell per promoure la prosocialitat a l’escola: contribució a la formació en RSU
2019
espanolLa prosocialidad se refiere a las acciones socialmente beneficiosas, implicando conducta, emociones y razonamiento, y aqui se propone un metodo para llevar a cabo una intervencion en centros educativos para su promocion mediante una estrategia multinivel o cadena de favores. Antecedentes: aunque no existe un antecedente especifico del metodo propuesto, existen estudios acerca de la promocion de la prosocialidad en la escuela, centrados en la conducta, las emociones o los razonamientos, y el principal antecedente es el metodo de intervencion prosocial de Robert Roche (Escotorin y Roche, 2011; Roche, 1999, 1997; Romersi, Martinez-Fernandez y Roche, 2011), de la Universidad Autonoma de …
Convergent Loss of Chemoreceptors across Independent Origins of Slave-Making in Ants
2022
The evolution of an obligate parasitic lifestyle often leads to the reduction of morphological and physiological traits, which may be accompanied by loss of genes and functions. Slave-maker ants are social parasites that exploit the work force of closely related ant species for social behaviours such as brood care and foraging. Recent divergence between these social parasites and their hosts enables comparative studies of gene family evolution. We sequenced the genomes of eight ant species, representing three independent origins of ant slavery. During the evolution of eusociality, chemoreceptor genes multiplied due to the importance of chemical communication in societies. We investigated ev…
Rekonstrukcja pamięci domu rodzinnego a źródła zainteresowań zadaniami ponadosobistymi
2019
W artykule wykorzystałam fragmenty moich badań, przygotowanych na podstawie wywiadów narracyjnych. Główny przyjęty przeze mnie problem badawczy sformułowałam w formie pytania: jakie znaczenie ma rodzina w kształtowaniu postaw prospołecznych u tych osób, które realizują zadania ponadosobiste? Poszukuję również odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy w biografii własnej i rodziny można odnaleźć źródła zainteresowania problematyką społeczną? Dzięki zastosowaniu wywiadów narracyjnych mogłam zrozumieć elementy rzeczywistości badanych. Mogłam dokonać wglądu w źródła i doświadczenia związane z realizacją zadań ponadosobistych badanych osób. Ich subiektywne interpretacje swoich zachowań, przeżyć związanych z ró…
The significance of relatedness and gene flow on population genetic structure in the subsocial spider Eresus cinnaberinus (Araneae: Eresidae)
1998
Interdemic selection, inbreeding and highly structured populations have been invoked to explain the evolution of cooperative social behaviour in the otherwise solitary and cannibalistic spiders. The family Eresidae consists of species ranging from solitary and intermediate subsocial to species exhibiting fully cooperative social behaviour. In this study we, in a hierarchical analysis, investigated relatedness of putative family clusters, inbreeding and population genetic structure of the subsocial spider Eresus cinnaberinus. Five hierarchical levels of investigation ranging from large scale genetic structure (distances of 250 and 50 km level 1 and 2) over microgeographic structure (20 km 2 …
Data from: Vitellogenin-like A–associated shifts in social cue responsiveness regulate behavioral task specialization in an ant
2018
Division of labor and task specialization explain the success of human and insect societies. Social insect colonies are characterized by division of labor with workers specializing on brood care early and foraging later in life. Theory posits that this task switching requires shifts in responsiveness to task-related cues, yet experimental evidence is weak. Here we show that a Vitellogenin (Vg) ortholog identified in a RNAseq study on the ant Temnothorax longispinosus is involved in this process: Using phylogenetic analyses of Vg and Vg-like genes, we firstly show that this candidate gene does not cluster with the intensively studied honey bee Vg, but falls into a separate Vg-like A cluster.…
New insights on the role of ecology and life-history in social evolution
2017
Biological altruism, defined as a behaviour that benefits others at an apparent cost to the focal individual, is found abundantly across different levels of biological organization. While kin selection has been useful for explaining both cooperation and conflict in specialized cooperative societies, more theoretical work has to be done to develop models for realistic ecological and life-history contexts. This thesis aims to fill this gap by providing several new insights on the role of ecology and life-history in various social systems. Firstly, I propose a model that incorporates realistic ecological mechanisms of population regulation and study how different population regulation mechanisms affe…
Developments in the evolutionary theory of social interactions
2016
Altruistic behaviour, which benefits others but harms the actor, can evolve when copies of the underlying genes are transmitted to future generations by related beneficiaries. While we know that the mechanism of ‘kin selection’ answers to how altruism can evolve, the answers to why and when it can evolve are still obscure. The first aim of this thesis is to shed light to the evolution of altruism by identifying factors that facilitate or promote it. I find that the conditions under which altruism can evolve follow surprisingly simple principles that are independent of the taxon-specific traits such as fecundity. Further, by analysing the unique aspects of haplodiploid sex determination syst…
Gene expression patterns associated with caste and reproductive status in ants: worker-specific genes are more derived than queen-specific ones.
2013
Variation in gene expression leads to phenotypic diversity and plays a central role in caste differentiation of eusocial insect species. In social Hymenoptera, females with the same genetic background can develop into queens or workers, which are characterized by divergent morphologies, behaviours and lifespan. Moreover, many social insects exhibit behaviourally distinct worker castes, such as brood-tenders and foragers. Researchers have just started to explore which genes are differentially expressed to achieve this remarkable phenotypic plasticity. Although the queen is normally the only reproductive individual in the nest, following her removal, young brood-tending workers often develop …
Noli Timere: The Role of Reassuring Adults in Dealing with COVID-19 Anxiety in Pediatric Age
2021
Since the earliest stages of the Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) spread, the elderly has been identified as the most vulnerable and health authorities have rightly focused on that population. Minor attention was paid to pediatric populations and their emotional reactions. Actually, children and adolescents faced severe anxiety, fear and stress conditions. An efficient management of the pandemic, therefore, must take into account the pediatric population which cannot be neglected as a minor matter compared to the elderly, the economy and health care. Since the lockdown time is over, children and adolescents must recover sociality, return to living in the open air, rediscover playing, free…
Pokémon GO 2016: Exploring Situational Contexts of Critical Incidents in Augmented Reality
2016
Pokémon GO, an augmented reality mobile game, captured the attention of millions of people around the world in July 2016. Various sources from around the globe have reported both positive and negative incidents and outcomes related to the game. Some of the incidents have been particularly remarkable for the player, i.e., critical incidents. A critical incident is a single experience, which a person perceives or remembers as unusually positive or negative. Critical incidents typically are highly influential for human behaviour, and thus, important to study. Playing augmented reality games can take place in varying situational contexts. Situational context includes information that can be use…