Search results for "Sorption"
showing 10 items of 4623 documents
Carbohydrate-Based Nanocarriers Exhibiting Specific Cell Targeting with Minimum Influence from the Protein Corona.
2015
Whenever nanoparticles encounter biological fluids like blood, proteins adsorb on their surface and form a so-called protein corona. Although its importance is widely accepted, information on the influence of surface functionalization of nanocarriers on the protein corona is still sparse, especially concerning how the functionalization of PEGylated nanocarriers with targeting agents will affect protein corona formation and how the protein corona may in turn influence the targeting effect. Herein, hydroxyethyl starch nanocarriers (HES-NCs) were prepared, PEGylated, and modified on the outer PEG layer with mannose to target dendritic cells (DCs). Their interaction with human plasma was then s…
Removal of bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from reject water in a nitrogen-removing sequencing batch reactor.
2003
Reject water from sewage sludge processing may contain high concentrations of nutrients and organic pollutants and cause internal pollution load at a sewage treatment plant (STP) if circulated to the headworks of an STP. In the present study removal of nitrogen and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from reject water was studied in two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) with different aerobic/anoxic periods during a 6-h total cycle period. Ammonia-nitrogen (NH(4)-N) was almost totally removed in both reactors, apparently by nitrification throughout the run, while denitrification declined with decreasing SCOD in the influent resulting in an increase in the effluent nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)-N) …
A plasma protein corona enhances the biocompatibility of Au@Fe3O4 Janus particles
2015
AbstractAu@Fe3O4 Janus particles (JPs) are heteroparticles with discrete domains defined by different materials. Their tunable composition and morphology confer multimodal and versatile capabilities for use as contrast agents and drug carriers in future medicine. Au@Fe3O4 JPs have colloidal properties and surface characteristics leading to interactions with proteins in biological fluids. The resulting protein adsorption layer (“protein corona”) critically affects their interaction with living matter. Although Au@Fe3O4 JPs displayed good biocompatibility in a standardized in vitro situation, an in-depth characterization of the protein corona is of prime importance to unravel underlying mecha…
Influence of Surface-Related Phenomena on Mechanism, Selectivity, and Conversion of TiO2 -Induced Photocatalytic Reactions
2018
Heterogeneous photocatalysis is the result of an inextricable connection of several factors differently contributing to the overall process. Photon absorption is the “sine qua non” condition for the reaction to occur. In fact, photons can be considered as immaterial reactants, and all of the phenomena related to the interaction of light–matter play a prominent role. However, other factors contribute in a concerted way to address the reaction, so that the relative contribution of each of them is often difficult to evaluate. In this framework, the present paper highlights some aspects of the interaction of TiO 2 surface-adsorbate species that could be underestimated and their influence on the…
Rośliny naczyniowe jako bioindykatory stanu środowiska
2017
Dzięki coraz nowocześniejszym i powszechniej stosowanym metodom bioindykacji można dokonać precyzyjnej i stosunkowo wydajnej oceny stanu środowiska naturalnego oraz zmian w nim zachodzących.Wymiernym sposobem monitoringu przyrody są obserwacje reakcji żywych organizmów. Badania przeprowadza się głównie z użyciem stenobiontów, czyli taksonów o małej tolerancji na zmienność warunków środowiska. Grupę roślin oraz zwierząt wykorzystywanych w badaniach bioindykacyjnych nazywa się wskaźnikowymi.Bioindykacja znajduje zastosowanie w geologii poszukiwawczej do odnajdywania miejsc z możliwością pozyskania cennych kruszców oraz w ochronie środowiska do monitoringu stanu jego zanieczyszczenia. Na podst…
Mushrooms as biomonitors of heavy metals contamination in forest areas
2018
The aim of the research was to assess the level of contamination with heavy metals (manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead) in two forest areas selected in different places in Poland: the first one in the Swietokrzyskie Province (forests of the Staporkow Forest Division) and the second one in the Opolskie Province (forests of the Kup Forest Division). The degree of contamination of these forest areas with analytes was found using edible large-fruited mushrooms naturally occurring there - the research was carried out using passive biomonitoring method. Heavy metals in mushrooms (separately in stems and hats) as well as in soil samples were determined by atomic absorption spe…
Eumelanin Coating of Silica Aerogel by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Deposition of a 5,6-Dihydroxyindole Thin Film
2018
Eumelanin integration in silica aerogel (SA) was achieved via supercritical adsorption of 5,6-dyhydroxyindole (DHI) from CO2. Notably, after the supercritical treatment, DHI evolved towards spontaneous polymerization, which resulted in uniform pigment development over the SA. The new material was characterized for its morphological and physicochemical properties, disclosing the formation of a eumelanin-like coating, as confirmed by UV&ndash
Effect of air-absorbed oxygen and moisture on the chemical stability of photoexcitedMg,ZnandEuphthalocyanines in dimethylformamide
2006
Absorption of oxygen and moisture from air by MPc-DMF systems was studied and related to the molecular stability demonstrated by phthalocyanine complexes (unsubstituted MPc's : MgPc , ZnPc and EuPc2; Pc = phthalocyanine ligand, C32H16N8) subjected to UV irradiation. A lower stability of air-exposed dimethylformamide solutions is observed and is due to a specific affinity for molecular oxygen revealed by the Pc macrocycle. SEM results proved oxygen molecules fixed to the phthalocyanine solids by forces strong enough to sustain desorption under vacuum. Absorption curves determined for MPc-DMF systems also indicate oxygen accommodated by the phthalocyanine moiety. This explains the predominant…
Recent advances in ground-based ultraviolet remote sensing of volcanic SO2 fluxes
2011
Measurements of volcanic SO2 emission rates have been the mainstay of remote-sensing volcanic gas geochemistry for almost four decades, and they have contributed significantly to our understanding of volcanic systems and their impact upon the atmosphere. The last ten years have brought step-change improvements in the instrumentation applied to these observations, which began with the application of miniature ultraviolet spectrometers that were deployed in scanning and traverse configurations, with differential optical absorption spectroscopy evaluation routines. This study catalogs the more recent empirical developments, including: ultraviolet cameras; wide-angle field-of-view differential …
Structural analysis, phase stability and electrochemical characterization of Nb doped BaCe0.9Y0.1O3−x electrolyte for IT-SOFCs
2012
Abstract To improve the chemical stability of high temperature proton conductors based on barium cerate, electrolyte powders doped with different amounts of niobium were synthesized by the citrate–nitrate auto-combustion method. Pure single phases of BaCe 0.9− x Nb x Y 0.1 O 3− x (BCYN, 0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.12) were obtained by thermal treatment at 1000 °C. Sintering at 1450 °C for 10 h produced dense pellets. X-ray absorption spectroscopy allowed to define the dopant ion insertion site and the co-dopant valency. Treatments in pure CO 2 atmosphere at 700 °C for 3 h and subsequent XRD analysis were carried out to probe the chemical stability of the produced electrolytes. The influence of the prese…