Search results for "Spar"
showing 10 items of 1739 documents
IRS-2 deficiency impairs NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation
2011
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License.-- et al.
Technical advances in radical retropubic prostatectomy techniques for avoiding complications. Part II: vesico-urethral anastomosis and nerve-sparing …
2003
We previously reviewed different technical modifications and improvements in apical dissection in radical retropubic prostatectomy which have a considerable effect in optimizing the results. This second paper focuses on the vesico-urethral anastomosis and aspects of nerve-sparing prostatectomy.
Social disparities, health risk behaviors, and cancer
2013
Background: Overall cancer incidence rates decreased in the most recent time period in both men and women, largely due to improvements in surgical therapeutic approaches (tertiary prevention) and screening programs (secondary prevention), but differences in cancer incidence and survival according to socioeconomic status are documented worldwide. Health risk behaviors, defined as habits or practices that increase an individual’s likelihood of harmful health outcomes, are thought to mediate such inequalities. Discussion: Obesity has been related with increased cancer incidence and mortality due to imbalance of leptin and adiponectin which are connected to activation of PI3K, MAPK, and STAT3 p…
Addition of NMDA-receptor antagonist MK801 during oxygen/glucose deprivation moderately attenuates the upregulation of glucose uptake after subsequen…
2011
During stroke the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is damaged which can result in vasogenic brain edema and inflammation. The reduced blood supply leads to decreased delivery of oxygen and glucose to affected areas of the brain. Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) can cause upregulation of glucose uptake of brain endothelial cells. In this letter, we investigated the influence of MK801, a non-competitive inhibitor of the NMDA-receptor, on the regulation of the glucose uptake and of the main glucose transporters glut1 and sglt1 in murine BBB cell line cerebEND during OGD. mRNA expression of glut1 was upregulated 68.7- fold after 6 h OGD, which was significantly reduced by 10 μM MK801 to 28.9-fold.…
Chick embryo retina development in vitro: the effect of insulin.
1995
In this paper we study the development of chick embryo retina cultured in vitro and the effects exerted by insulin. Retinas were removed from 7-day embryos and cultured in serum- and hormone-free medium for 7 additional days. Under these conditions retinal cells survived and underwent cholinergic differentiation, as previously ascertained by Hausman et al. (Dev. Brain Res., 1991, 59: 31-37). However, a great retardation of development was noted compared to uncultured control, 14-day retina. In fact both wet weight and DNA and protein content increased much slower than in ovo and the tubulin content decreased below even the starting value. In addition, although after 7 days in culture retina…
Reimbursement of radiotherapy in Germany.
2017
Reimbursement of radiotherapy in Germany is mainly based on a certain fixed fee for treatment planning and patient set up in addition to payment per fraction. This applies to outpatient care for patients with public health insurance or private health insurance. Payment per fraction has a considerable influence on reimbursement of inpatients as well. The advantage of payment per fraction is the simplicity and transparency. The disadvantage is an inadequate reimbursement for new treatment modalities like hypofractionation or stereotactic body radiotherapy.
A Review of Occlusion as a Tool to Assess Attentional Demand in Driving
2021
Objective The aim of this review is to identify how visual occlusion contributes to our understanding of attentional demand and spare visual capacity in driving and the strengths and limitations of the method. Background The occlusion technique was developed by John W. Senders to evaluate the attentional demand of driving. Despite its utility, it has been used infrequently in driver attention/inattention research. Method Visual occlusion studies in driving published between 1967 and 2020 were reviewed. The focus was on original studies in which the forward visual field was intermittently occluded while the participant was driving. Results Occlusion studies have shown that attentional demand…
Efficacy and tolerability of a plant-based, multi-component cream (Ginetrox®) in vulvovaginal disorders of the genitourinary syndrome during menopaus…
2017
BACKGROUND Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a symptomatic condition including vaginal dryness, irritation, dyspareunia and recurrent urinary tract infections which affects 40-54% of post-menopausal women. Although several estrogen-based therapies are available, it is generally preferable to avoid hormonal therapy, particularly in women with mild symptoms or at risk for estrogen-responsive neoplasia. Therefore, the most common treatment options are over-the-counter vaginal creams for symptomatic relief. METHODS Thirty-three postmenopausal women suffering from GSM were enrolled in this observational study. A multi-component cream (Ginetrox®, Indena, Milan, Italy) was applied on th…
Vulvo-vaginal atrophy: A new treatment modality using thermo-ablative fractional CO2 laser.
2015
a b s t r a c t Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of thermo-ablative fractional CO2 laser for the treatment of symptoms related to vulvo-vaginal atrophy (VVA) in post-menopausal women. Methods: From April 2013 to December 2013, post-menopausal patients who complained of one or more VVA-related symptoms and who underwent vaginal treatment with fractional CO2 laser were enrolled in the study. At baseline (T0) and 30 days post-treatment (T1), vaginal status of the women was evaluated using the Vaginal Health Index (VHI), and subjective intensity of VVA symptoms was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). At T1, treatment satisfaction was evaluated using a 5-point Likert …
Selected peptides targeted to the NMDA receptor channel protect neurons from excitotoxic death
1998
Excitotoxic neuronal death, associated with neurodegeneration and stroke, is triggered primarily by massive Ca2+ influx arising from overactivation of glutamate receptor channels of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype. To search for channel blockers, synthetic combinatorial libraries were assayed for block of agonist-evoked currents by the human NR1-NR2A NMDA receptor subunits expressed in amphibian oocytes. A set of arginine-rich hexapeptides selectively blocked the NMDA receptor channel with IC50 approximately 100 nM, a potency similar to clinically tolerated blockers such as memantine, and only marginally blocked on non-NMDA glutamate receptors. These peptides prevent neuronal cell d…