Search results for "Spatial"
showing 10 items of 2121 documents
Pour une carte universitaire optimale
1983
International audience
Impacts écologiques des formes d'urbanisation : modélisations urbaines et paysagères
2015
The global increase of urbanization during the past decades have induced a progressive artificialization of natural environments. The building of transport infrastructures and new housings causes a landscape fragmentation in an irreversible way and a strong decrease of the connectivity of ecological habitats. Maintaining the functionality of ecological networks is becoming a major goal of sustainable urban planning policies. With a special focus on urban evolutions in the horizon 2030 in the urban area of Besançon in eastern France (residential development and road traffic evolutions), this thesis aims to assess the potential impact of urban forms on landscape connectivity of animal species…
Spatial and economic segregation : an analysis in terms of employment and education in urban spaces
2016
Cities are not homogeneous territories: some neighborhoods concentrate wealth while others face difficulties such as unemployment, poverty, exclusion or crime. These fractures are a consequence of urban segregation, i.e. socioeconomic inequalities spatial pattern. To that matter, this thesis addresses three objectives: (i) the characterization and explanation of segregated urban structures appearance, (ii) the link between segregation and labor market, and eventually (iii) the link between segregation and education. According to Urban Economics, the urban structure influences individual’s employment status through the distance to jobs. This hypothesis is tested via an empirical study on the…
Economic theory and space : a reconciliation
1997
Malgré des apports importants au XIXe siècle et dans la première moitié du XXe et en dépit des efforts de l'après guerre, l’économie spatiale est longtemps restée un domaine marginal par rapport au corpus principal de la théorie économique. L’attachement aux hypothèses de concurrence pure et de rendements non croissants explique en grande partie cette séparation. Depuis quelques années, on assiste, dans le cadre de l'Economie géographique, à un mouvement d’intégration dont le moteur principal est la reconnaissance et l’exploitation des rendements croissants comme explication de la formation de l’espace économique. Ce papier présente un panorama de 25 années d’économie spatiale en soulignant…
A normative planning approach for the Luxembourg : assessment based on spatial simulation
2015
In Luxembourg, daily mobility patterns of both cross-border workers and residents lead to a strong car dependance. This process encourages urban sprawl. Meanwhile the country is faced to increasing housing needs but has to reduce land consumption. Within this context, the main objective of this thesis is to throw light about the relation between residential growth patterns and daily mobility behaviors. In this way, a normative planning approach has been adopted. This approach proposes new planning norms for achieving a series of planning objectives. Quantitative rules are the tools used to apply the norms.Three steps has been done: i) conception of residential growth scenarios for 2030. By …
Socio-spatial dynamics and ways of living of urban spaces : comparison of Besançon, Mulhouse and Strasbourg
2013
The spatial distribution of urban functions and populations is not random, this distribution canhighlight inequalities which call into question our democratic societies based on the principle ofequality. This principle is based on the relationship between the “social” and the “spatial” whichmainly consist in investigating social disparities in urban areas and what is perceived as an injustice byindividuals. To understand these socio-spatial dynamics, we focus our research on the urban history ofBesançon, Mulhouse and Strasbourg as well as the relations between the inhabitants and theirresidential environment. Using large geo-localized databases from INSEE, we study the spatialdistribution o…
Demographic change, new business formation and spatial concentration of population
2015
This paper investigates the role of urbanization in the relation between population change and new business formation. The hypothesis of research is that population change significantly influences new business formation only in regions at lower urbanization. This hypothesis is based on the idea that local demand and growing population are significant determinants of new business formation only for rural regions. Using Italian data, we find evidence in support of this hypothesis. Moreover, we find that evidence of spatial dependence in the relation between population change, new business formation and urbanization.
Food predictability determines space use of endangered vultures: implications for management of supplementary feeding.
2013
Understanding space use of free-living endangered animals is key to inform management decisions for conservation planning. Like most scavengers, vultures have evolved under a context of unpredictability of food resources (i.e. exploiting scattered carcasses that are intermittently available). However, the role of predictable sources of food in shaping spatial ecology of vultures has seldom been studied in detail. Here, we quantify the home range of the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus), a long-lived raptor which has experienced severe population decline throughout its range and is qualified as endangered worldwide. To this end six adults were tracked by satellite telemetry in Spain d…
On the Statistical Analysis of the Channel Capacity of Double Rayleigh Channels with Equal Gain Combining in V2V Communication Systems
2010
paper presented at the 2010 IEEE 71st Vehicular Technology Conference, Taipei. (c) 2010 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works. Paper also available from the publisher: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2010.5494112 In this article, we present a detailed study on the statistical properties of the channel capacity of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) fading channels with equal gain combining (EGC). A…
An Exact Solution for the Level-Crossing Rate of Shadow Fading Processes Modelled by Using the Sum-of-Sinusoids Principle
2008
Published version of an article in the journal: Wireless Personal Communications. The original publication is available at Springerlink. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-008-9512-3 The focus of this paper is on the higher order statistics of spatial simulation models for shadowing processes. Such processes are generally assumed to follow the lognormal distribution. The proposed spatial simulation model is derived from a non-realizable lognormal reference model with given correlation properties by using Rice's sum-of-sinusoids. Both exact and approximate expressions are presented for the level-crossing rate (LCR) and the average duration of fades (ADF) of the simulation model. It is pointed …