Search results for "Spatial"

The impact of in-canopy wind profile formulations on heat flux estimation in an open orchard using the remote sensing-based two-source model

2010

Abstract. For open orchard and vineyard canopies containing significant fractions of exposed soil (>50%), typical of Mediterranean agricultural regions, the energy balance of the vegetation elements is strongly influenced by heat exchange with the bare soil/substrate. For these agricultural systems a "two-source" approach, where radiation and turbulent exchange between the soil and canopy elements are explicitly modelled, appears to be the only suitable methodology for reliably assessing energy fluxes. In strongly clumped canopies, the effective wind speed profile inside and below the canopy layer can strongly influence the partitioning of energy fluxes between the soil and vegetation co…

Actual evapotranspiration assessment in a sparse tall Mediterranean crops

2010

Comparing actual evapotranspiration and plant water potential on a vineyard

2011

Agricultural water requirement in arid and semi-arid environments represents an important fraction of the total water consumption, suggesting the need of appropriate water management practices to sparingly use the resource. Furthermore the quality and quantity of some crops products, such as grape, is improved under a controlled amount of water stress. The latter is related, on a side to actual evapotranspiration (ET) through water demand, on the other side to plant water content through leaf water potential. Residual energy balance approaches based on remote sensing allow to estimate the spatial distribution of daily actual ET at plant scale, representing an useful tool to detect its spati…

Effects of rainfall events on the evapotranspiration retrieved by an energy balance model

2009

An alternative way to map the actual evapotranspiration (ET) spatial distribution at daily scale is the application of residual surface energy balance models to satellite images that are characterised by high temporal frequency and moderate spatial resolution, like those acquired by the MODIS sensors on board of TERRA and AQUA platforms. Within this research the well-known SEBAL model has been applied on an area located in the southern part of Sicily (Imera Meridionale catchment) using four images acquired between the 27th of March and the 11th of April 2007. The catchment extends for about 2000 km2 and includes both mountains and hill areas: the first are located in the northern part (the …

Evaluating actual evapotranspiration by means of multi-platform remote sensing data: A case study in Sicily

2007

During the last two decades, the scientific community developed detailed mathematical models for simulating land surface energy fluxes and crop evapotranspiration rates by means of an energy balance approach. These models can be applied in large areas and with a spatial distributed approach using surface brightness temperature and some ancillary data retrieved from satellite/airborne remote sensed imagery. In this paper a district scale application, in combination with multispectral satellite and airborne data has been carried out to test the potential of two different energy balance models to estimate evapotranspiration fluxes from a set of typical Mediterranean crops (wine, olive, citrus)…

Preliminary experience with the application of Gadolinium-DTPA before MR imaging-guided laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy of brain tumors

1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential value of i.v. gadolinium-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) applied before MRI-guided laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) of brain tumors without original enhancement, especially in defining total lesion size during therapy. MRI-guided LITT was performed on two patients with astrocytoma WHO II. For both patients, Gd-DTPA was administered intravenously after a first irradiation period and LITT was continued after pulling back the light guide to coagulate the upper parts of the tumor. In both patients, the whole irreversible damaged zone of the second irradiation period after Gd-DTPA showed an intense increase …

A Comparative Study of General Intelligence in Spanish and Moroccan Samples

2012

The aim of this study is to fill a gap in intelligence research by presenting data for the average IQ in Morocco and for a comparable sample in Spain. Adult samples were administered theRaven Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM)(Raven, Court, & Raven, 2001) and scored for the total test and for the three sub-factors of gestalt continuation, verbal-analytical reasoning and visuospatial ability identified by Lynn, Allik, and Irwing (2004). The total test and the three factors have shown satisfactory reliability. Our results for the Moroccan sample show significant relationship between general intelligence factor, gestalt continuation and visuospatial ability with education level and income…

Dissociating spatial and letter-based word length effects observed in readers’ eye movement patterns

2011

In previous eye movement research on word length effects, spatial width has been confounded with the number of letters. McDonald (2006) unconfounded these factors by rendering all words in sentences in constant spatial width. In the present study, the Arial font with proportional letter spacing was used for varying the number of letters while equating for spatial width, while the Courier font with monospaced letter spacing was used to measure the contribution of spatial width to the observed word length effect. Number of letters in words affected single fixation duration on target words, whereas words’ spatial width determined fixation locations in words and the probability of skipping a wo…

Evidence for a spatial bias in the perception of sequences of brief tones

2013

Listeners are unable to report the physical order of particular sequences of brief tones. This phenomenon of temporal dislocation depends on tone durations and frequencies. The current study empirically shows that it also depends on the spatial location of the tones. Dichotically testing a three-tone sequence showed that the central tone tends to be reported as the first or the last element when it is perceived as part of a left-to-right motion. Since the central-tone dislocation does not occur for right-to-left sequences of the same tones, this indicates that there is a spatial bias in the perception of sequences. © 2013 Acoustical Society of America.

Left insular cortex and left SFG underlie prismatic adaptation effects on time perception: Evidence from fMRI

2014

Prismatic adaptation (PA) has been shown to affect left-to-right spatial representations of temporal durations. A leftward aftereffect usually distorts time representation toward an underestimation, while rightward aftereffect usually results in an overestimation of temporal durations. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the neural mechanisms that underlie PA effects on time perception. Additionally, we investigated whether the effect of PA on time is transient or stable and, in the case of stability, which cortical areas are responsible of its maintenance. Functional brain images were acquired while participants (n = 17) performed a time reproduction task an…